EDUCATIONAL METHODS IN THE MIDDLE MAGHREB IN THE MIDDLE AGES (5AH-9AD)

Abstract

Since its integration into the Islamic Caliphate, the Middle Maghreb has witnessed historical developments in various fields, especially in the scientific domain. Numerous scientific and religious institutions were established to spread Islam and its various sciences in mosques, kuttab (Koranic schools), ribats (religious fortresses) and zawiyas (Islamic spiritual retreats). Towards the end of the Middle Ages, schools began to emerge, transforming cities into major centres of knowledge and becoming pioneers in the Islamic world, particularly the cities of Bejaia and Tlemcen. These cities attracted scholars and sheikhs from all over the world, making them a destination for those seeking knowledge. These scholars and sheikhs used different teaching methods, diversifying the subjects studied and the teachers. This begs the question: What were the methods used by educational institutions in the Middle Maghreb during the Middle Ages?

Based on this question, this study aims to identify the main methods used by educational institutions in the Middle Maghreb during the Middle Ages (5AH-9AD), which contributed to its cultural leadership. The study shows that these methods varied between narration, memorisation, dialogue and discussion, depending on the nature of the institutions and the diversity of the teachers.