Psychology and Education Journal
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae
<h2><strong>PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (ISSN: 1553-6939)<br /></strong></h2> <div class="row" style="border: 1px solid grey; padding: 5px; text-align: justify;">Dear Authors and Researchers,<br />We would like to inform you that the U.S. ISSN Center at the Library of Congress has confirmed that the correct ISSN number of the Journal <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> is ISSN 1553-6939. This ISSN is to be used instead of ISSN 0033-3077 which is the ISSN that belongs to the former title, “<strong>Psychology</strong>.” Each time a journal undergoes a major change of title a new ISSN is assigned. <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> also has been assigned a Linking ISSN (ISSN-L). The ISSN-L is available for use when there is a need to identify and link to a continuing resource without regard to format, for example in services such as OpenURL, library catalogues, search engines or knowledge bases. The next issue of <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> will be published with ISSN 1553-6969. But the previous ISSN will be also available in the ISSN Portal to retrieve the record for <strong>Psychology</strong> because it remains the identifier for the former title <strong>Psychology</strong> and the articles published under that title.</div> <div class="row"> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Arts and Languages, Humanities, Social Sciences, Management and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Sports Sciences, Psychology, Education Sciences, Biological and Medical Sciences, History, Philosophy, Media and Communication, Science and Technology, Engineering.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Psychology and Education</strong> <strong>(ISSN: 1553-6939)</strong> is a quality journal devoted to basic research, theory, and techniques and arts of practice in the general field of psychology and education. <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> is published bimonthly. There are numerous papers on important aspects of psychology and education which can find no place in the professional literature. This journal is dedicated to filling this void.<br />Preparation of manuscripts: In formal aspects, the manuscripts should follow closely the general directions given in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th Edition). EXCEPTIONS: All data in photographs, tables, drawings, figures and graphs must be simplified and stated in the RESULTS section of the paper. All papers must be formatted in MSWord, typed, Times New Roman font #12, double-spaced, with 1 inch margins, and submitted electronically or printed manuscript in original copy. Manuscripts must be accompanied by an abstract of about 70-100 words. The manuscript and abstract should conform to the American Psychological Association Manual Style, 6th Edition.<br />Given the present trends in the publishing industry and to reach the global audience without any restrictions, we have opted to move the journal from subscription-based to Gold open access.<br />A shift in this mode has certain benefits:</p> <ul> <li>Increased usage and citation</li> <li>Easy compliance with institutional and funder mandates</li> <li>Retention of copyright by authors</li> <li>Greater public engagement</li> <li>Faster impact</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Psychology and Education</strong>, the Editor, nor the Board of Editors (individually or collectively), assumes no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion in the papers printed. Authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permissions. Advertising rates supplied on request. Books for review should be sent to the Editor.<br />Articles in <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> are listed in PsycINFO, American Psychological Association (APA), Scopus, psychologyandeducation.net, and shared with other websites, and numerous gratis copies are mailed to the Library of Congress, EBSCO subscription services, and universities in developing countries overseas.</p> </div>Psychology and Educationen-USPsychology and Education Journal1553-6939Organisational support and its relationship with job involvement among Sonatrach employees
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8341
<p>The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of organisational support and its relationship with job commitment among Sonatrach employees. The researcher followed a descriptive analytical approach, as it is appropriate to the research topic, which is based on studying the reality or phenomenon as it exists in reality, and focuses on describing it accurately to obtain information that answers the research questions without interference from the researcher.</p> <p>The current research found a statistically significant relationship at the 0.05 level of significance between the determinants of organisational support and job commitment among Sonatrach employees with variables such as gender, educational level and years of experience.</p>Djamel Lakhdari, Hachemi MOKRANI
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2024-02-142024-02-14612128The Constitutional Court as a supervisory and advisory body under the 2020 constitutional amendment
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8342
<p>The monitoring the constitutional Law Is considered the invincible bulwark of the legal safety of any country. Not to mention its fundamental character on laying the foundations of the rule of law. On the one hand, the principle of legality is achieved by upholding the Constitution. the monitoring of the constitutionality of laws has become very important in most democratic countries.</p>Yazid Miloud, DR. AKROUM ADEL
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2024-02-142024-02-146122940Requirement of the Open Offer, Means to Concretize the Free Competition in the Law no23/12 including the Public Deals.
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8343
<p>This research paper aims to treat with the problematic of the public deals' conclusion with open offering requirement, and the extent of respecting of the principles of free and fair competition; such as the sufficient publicity, whether before the deals’ conclusion or during this procedure, then to the extent of existing of the guarantees .</p> <p>Thus, the legislator, treats with the problematic of the public deals conclusion with open offering requirement, considering it the important means according to the law 23/12, and he provides the obligatory to publish the deal offering, also he stipulates the publicity during the procedures, moreover, as guarantees, he authorizes the right to reviewing, then all that proceedings are subject to the legal control.</p>CHAIB Bouziane
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2024-02-142024-02-146124155The Art of Argumentation in Umayyad Political Poetry: Selected Verses from the Poem 'Al-Kumayt' as a Model of Praise for the Ahl al-Bayt (Family of Prophet Muhammad)"
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8344
<p>This study aims to explore the key elements of argumentation in poetry from the Umayyad era, with a focus on argumentative tools, repetition, argument scale , and rhetorical methods, with a close analysis of select verses from a poem celebrating the Hashemites by al-Kumayt ibn Zayd, one of the foremost poetic figures who represented the political conflicts between factions in the Umayyad era. As al-Kumayt defended his own party and opposed others, his poems are loaded with numerous arguments that aimed at demonstrating the rightful claim of the family of the Prophet to the caliphate over all others. He was undoubtedly a genius in pure argumentation that derives from his belief and emotional attachment to the love and support of the Hashemites, deserving recognition as a mastermind of political argumentation in poetry</p>Hayat Kebier, Fatiha lalaoui
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2024-02-142024-02-146125671The future foresight in pre-Islamic prose
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8346
<p>Foresight the future was evident among the ancient Arabs in the pre-Islamic era, clearly in the literary heritage, called for looking to the future through different types of prose, a taste of a prosperous tomorrow and a bright future, this outlook had clear connotations in prose to emphasize its role in upholding Arab values and instilling hope and change for what is best for the Arab person. This research touched on foresight the future through the many forms of prose that were most prominent in that era, including rhetoric, wills, and proverbs.</p>Asmaa Mohammed Sahib Maala
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2024-02-182024-02-1861272104The estimates of professors at the university of Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Setif 2 related to the degree of application of the competency-based teaching approach
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8348
<p>The current study aimed to identify the estimates of professors at the University of Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Setif -2- related to the degree of application of the competency-based teaching approach, the emergence of which coincided with the reform of higher education and the adoption of the LMD system since 2004. To answer the study hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and a scale including (36) items divided into three axes, the first one concerned the basic concepts of the adopted pedagogical approach, the second one concerned teaching pedagogies, and the third one concerned the types and tools of evaluation. The scale was applied to a sample consisting of (162) male and female professors from the three faculties of the University of Setif -2-. The study concluded that the professors' estimates were moderate, in addition to the presence of differences in the professors' estimates due to variables of college affiliation and years of seniority, but there were no differences with regard to the variable of academic rank. The study ended with a set of proposals for decision makers, including the process of improving the didactic practices of university professors in light of the adopted approach.</p>Strerrahmane Naima
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2024-02-202024-02-20612105123Food Security Challenges in Light of Biological Threats: A Case Study of Algeria
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8349
<p>This paper focuses on the case of Algeria and analyzes the biological challenges affecting its food security. It reviews a wide range of potential biological threats, such as plant diseases, harmful insects, and animal epidemics. The impact of these threats on agricultural production and livestock in Algeria, as well as on the availability and quality of food, is highlighted. In addition to reviewing these threats and their impact on agricultural and food production in Algeria, this paper presents a number of findings and recommendations that can contribute to improving policies to achieve food security and combat biological threats. The discussion also includes the difficulties and challenges faced in implementing these policies and suggestions for enhancing and improving them.</p>Dr. Abderrahmane Fridja
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2024-02-202024-02-20612124139Separation of children from their parents in the light of jurisprudence and the reality of Muslim minorities
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8353
<p>This article discusses the issue of separation of children from their parents in some European countries, focusing on the surrounding circumstances that facilitate understanding of the decision for those who qualify for it. Recognising the importance of taking a close look at the rulings regarding Muslim minorities, given the complex challenges faced by this group of Muslims, fatwas (Islamic legal opinions) should contribute to providing rulings that are in line with their reality, while emphasising the principles and rules of Sharia. The research concludes the importance of using jurisprudence of the situation of Muslim minorities in adapting their legal rulings according to the constants and general principles of Sharia.</p>Sekhane Nadia
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2024-02-282024-02-28612140161Parenting styles and their impact on academic achievement among secondary school students: A field study on a sample of third-year secondary school students in the wilaya of Tizi Ouzou
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8354
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental parenting styles (father's treatment and mother's treatment) and academic achievement among secondary school students through a field study in the Wilaya of Tizi Ouzou. In our study, we employed a descriptive approach on a sample consisting of 50 students, with 30 females and 20 males selected randomly. To grasp the phenomenon under study and contextualise it properly, we relied on Schaefer's Children Report of Parental Behaviour Inventory (1965) and students' grades to gauge academic achievement. The study findings affirmed a statistically significant correlation between parental parenting styles and students' academic achievement.</span></p>MEHALLI Jedjiga
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2024-02-282024-02-28612162172Impact of the Corona virus (COVID-19) on the distribution of insurance Services.
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8355
<p>This study aims to identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the distribution of insurance services, by displaying various insurance distribution channels, and presenting some of the results achieved before and during the pandemic.</p> <p>The study found that the Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected the insurers went to the e-distribution of insurance services in the world, and It has reduced the insurance activity in Algeria, and the impact of distribution channels was weak because there was no distribution network based on e-distribution.</p>Dr. Tari Abdelkadir, Dr. Ramdan Taouinar, Dr. Yacine Khelouf,Dr. Haddouche Shourouk
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2024-02-282024-02-28612173186The reality of teaching the rural girl in Algeria facts and numbers
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8356
<p>This study concluded and revealed the problems that hinder the education of the rural girl, although it represents 50%, but her education is not a priority as it was shown: Preventing parents or a family member of the girl from enrolling in the school and this is due to the distinction between her and the male, and the inferior view of the girl in particular What is related to her education, as you see the researcher of the importance and education of rural women, with the presence of a culture of discrimination between women and men who are still inherent in the countryside, and from it is necessary to give importance to teaching the girl in the Algerian countryside.</p>Djadaoun Zina
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2024-03-012024-03-01612187197Establishing rules for the purposes of Islamic Sharia in financial transactions (Islamic banking as a model)
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8357
<p>Scholars were interested in the knowledge of the purposes of Islamic law, ancient and modern, so they sat for it through the interpretations and fatwas that are presented here and there. It was necessary to give the rule of Sharia in it in accordance with the great intentional rule, which we express by the general intent of legislation, which is to bring benefits and repel evils.</p>ZENAGUI FETHI, Tahri Belkheir
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2024-03-012024-03-01612198216Takaful Insurance Companies between Facing Challenges and Success Factors in Algeria after the issuance of Executive Decree 21-81
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8358
<p>This research paper aims to identify the most important internal and external challenges facing Takaful insurance companies in Algeria, which were established after the issuance of Executive Decree No 21-81 issued on 02/28/2021.</p> <p>And to highlight the success factors that the latter should rely on in facing challenges, which is represented in building a clear strategy through which it seeks to achieve its goals by relying on modern technological means, and is based on the principles of transparency to win the trust of customers through reports issued by its management.</p>Dr. MEKHLOUF MOHAMED, Dr. BELHADIA AMAR
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2024-03-012024-03-01612217232The Relationship Between the Development of Cognitive Symbolic Representation and Academic Achievement Among Baccalaureate Students During Physical Education and Sports Classes: A Field Study in Some High Schools in the State of Annaba, Algeria
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8359
<p><strong>Developing of the cognitive symbolic representation ( cognitive side ) during the physical education and sports class is one of the professor's goals according to Bloom’s classification wich is approved in the curriculum and academic subject within educational institutions concerned with the academic achievement of learners, especially the secondary school ( baccalaureate students).</strong></p>Boutoutane Hadjer, Djairene Hamza, Mefti Abdelmounaim, Messaoudi Tahar, Selami Khedidja
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2024-03-012024-03-01612233242The abstract and the concrete in social scientific research: A methodological and analytical approach to operational steps
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8360
<p>In this article, we tried to investigate the operational procedures for moving social scientific research from the extreme of abstraction to the extreme of the concrete, with a description of the methods of grading the steps of dismantling theoretical wholes to reach the details of the empirically observed reality, by deconstructing the abstract concepts of formulated hypotheses into dimensions and partial dimensions if necessary. In addition to methods for extracting indicators and evidence for each dimension in order to approach tangible reality and make it subject to observation, measurement, and statistical testing to reach a realistic scientific interpretation of the studied phenomenon.</p>Ameziane Naima, Bellakhdar Mohammed
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2024-03-012024-03-01612243261The financial statements consolidation according to the financial accounting system and their compatibility with the requirements of the entity theory -Saidal group case-
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8361
<p>This study aims to clarify the extent of compliance with the requirements of the entity theory when preparing the consolidated financial statements according to the financial accounting system.</p> <p>The study concluded that the theory followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements is a mixture between the entity theory in accounting disclosure requirements and accounting treatments for inter-operations and the ownership theory in the process of merging assets of subsidiaries and joint arrangements based on book values.</p>Berrou Khireddine
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2024-03-012024-03-01612262277The Contemporary Novel Achievement: Current Transformations and Cultural Changes
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8362
<p>The contemporary novel has emerged as one of the foremost arts that explores social, political, and even religious phenomena. It is a genre of progress that has entered the realm of renewal, and has become vastly dissimilar from classic narratives, defiantly rejecting traditional forms. It has challenged the three taboos of religion, politics, and sexuality, and presented issues of nation, society, and identity. Novelists have crafted cohesive systems that explore the observable world; allowing the reader to make their own understanding. Based on the above, we will try to present a reading of contemporary novel achievement and current transformations, and how these texts have changed the reality</p>Dr. ATTIA Nesrine, Prof. KANTAOUI Mohammed
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2024-02-292024-02-29612278292THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET ON ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER ALGERIA'S FISCAL POLICIES: A ECONOMETRIC STUDY FOR THE PERIOD 1970-2020
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8363
<p> This paper aims to highlight the impact of oil price fluctuations on economic growth in Algeria for the period 1970-2020 in light of the fiscal policy pursued, using the ARDL model, and based on the analysis of the model results, it was found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between oil prices and economic growth in Algeria with an estimated elasticity of 9.93% and this result corresponds to the specificity of the Algerian economy being a rentier country dependent on oil revenues, which helped provide the necessary funding for public investment supervised by the government in implementing its mega projects, which reflects positively on economic growth rates.</p>Boukherbache Haroune Erachid, Rezki Wail
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2024-02-292024-02-29612293305The manifistations of the folklore in the novel of the bleeding stones
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8364
<p>The folklore is considered as a long track record of different performing arts which were inherited by many generations over time. It is derived from people's life as it is a mean of communication between communities and it covers people' lifestyles in the past, their stories, proverbs, past habits and traditions.</p> <p>The folklore can be seen today in familial celebrations and events since it's very important for them. Therefore it is then a criss crossed world of inherited sayings and behaviours through history. The folklore also shows us different cultural aspects which reflects intellectual dimensions and it is considered as the mirror which reflects also societies' real life. In addition it proves social identity as it helps the society to keep its traditions that are clearly shown in people ' behaviours and social values.</p> <p> </p>Abdelkabir Souhila
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2024-03-012024-03-01612306320One of the issues of the nominal sentence in Arabic grammar
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8365
<p>This article aims to study a specific type of the nominal sentence, which is the type that contains a subject that has the subject takes place of the predicate , by referring to what was mentioned by elkhalil and Sibawayeh regarding it. The two approaches adopted here are the historical and descriptive. We went back to what elkhalil and Sibawayeh mentioned in the matter, and we found the matter with them merely by providing the news and delaying the beginning.</p> <p>As for the middle el akhfach, it is different from elkhalil and Sibawayeh, and he poses a methodological problem, as he produced a sentence that is neither in nominal terms nor actually. Neither is it nominal because its second corner is an actor, and the subject is one of the pillars of the actual sentence, nor is it actual because its first corner is a beginner, and the initiator is one of the pillars of the nominal sentence. We concluded at the end of the research that the opinion of elkhalil and Sibawayeh was correct.</p>Hadjadj Mustapha
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2024-03-012024-03-01612321335The Role of Direct Marketing on Customer Satisfaction at Djezzy Company -Djelfa-Algeria-
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8366
<p>The study aimed to identify the role of direct marketing on customer satisfaction at the communication institutions, that's why direct marketing was selected (Direct Mail, Internet, Catalogue, Telephone) as a separate variable, while customer satisfaction has been selected as a subordinate variable, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the identification was designed and distributed to (221) customers, (195) were returned, (181) were analytical identification, the research community covered Djezzy’s customers. The study concluded:</p> <p>- There is a statistically significant relationship between direct marketing dimensions and customer satisfaction.</p> <p>- There are no statistically significant moral differences for both direct marketing and customer satisfaction due to personal data.</p> <p>It was also concluded that it is necessary for Djezzy company to pay attention to direct marketing tools and constantly strive to gain the satisfaction of its customers.</p>Dahmane Ahmed, Rabehi Imane
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2024-03-012024-03-01612336349The art of making Arabic manuscripts; Origins, development and importance
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8367
<p>Muslims have long produced a huge scientific product of books, some of which came in the form of hundreds of thousands of manuscripts which were the only way to preserve what was produced by the Muslim mind and made precious art. Which the Muslims have compared to their times and their ages, on the one hand, and on the other, showed us the great progress made by Muslims in the art of the manuscript industry, which was a widespread industry at the time.</p>Ali Boutchich, Mohamed Ayache
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2024-03-012024-03-01612350365The effects of globalization on human resource management and ways to confront it
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8368
<p>Withthe third millenniumand its containing,political, economic,socialvariables thehumanity entered in new eracalledthe era ofglobalization, whichcarries with it thedimensionsandvariables ofthe sameeffectsin all aspects oflife, and the effects of globalizationis not limited on theorganizations,but rather extended tocontribute to therestructuring of thehuman resources</p> <p>The human resources as the backbone of any successful organization in achieving its objectives, this requires them to shift to a strategic approach in its work and adopt programs to training and development of human resources, and requires them to also review in the laws and regulations of legislation of human resources, and development of education training system and work to reduce of the skills gap and to consider the development of human resources at the forefront of priorities, the reality of contemporary societies and impose strongly the importance of human resources as an essential element in the evolution of organizations and communities</p> <p>Clear to us the importance of attention by this function in the organization so it was the duty of the human resources management to put different principles, and policies to organize the functional life of this element and how to deal with, and benefit from it as much as possible.</p>Saad Guermeche Zohra, Ammari Samir, Raki Ahcene ,Boudjaada Lyes
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2024-03-012024-03-01612366380Violence in schools, Causal factors and manifested effects- Socio-psychological approach –
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8369
<p>The phenomenon of school violence is one of the serious social ills that have become a threat The entity of societies, which has grown terribly in recent years in various countries Our educational institutions, whose primary goal is supposed to be education and upbringing Generations on good principles and high morals, and instilling authentic values Filled with the teachings of our true religion, and correcting their behavior. Unfortunately, it has become A mediator of violence in all its forms (psychological, moral, physical...) and between all parties The educational process (students, teachers, administrators). As it is considered abnormal behavior, due to the psychological and social damage it causes, Educational... In this simple intervention, we wanted to shed light on this scourge. So that we can monitor its causes, manifestations, forms and effects.</p>Dr.TOUMI HANANE
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2024-03-012024-03-01612381399THE IMPACT OF BANK LOANS ON INFLATION IN ALGERIA ECONOMETRIC STUDY FOR THE PERIOD (2007-2022)
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8371
<p> This study investigates the impact of bank loans, both short and long term, on the inflation rate in Algeria during the period (2007-2022). The study employs measurement and analytical modelling using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, concluding that both short and long-term bank loans have a long-term equilibrium relationship with the inflation rate in Algeria. There is asymmetry in the effects of positive and negative shocks of short-term bank loans in the long run, indicating that negative shocks in the Algerian economy have a different and opposite effect compared to positive shocks in the short term. Additionally, there is no symmetry in the impact, and we accept the alternative hypothesis that there is no long-term symmetry, meaning that negative shocks in the Algerian economy have a different and opposite effect compared to positive shocks in the long term.</p>Hayat OTHMANI, Wafa RAMDANI
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2024-03-032024-03-03612400415IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF ARAB COUNTRIES DURING THE YEAR 2022
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8372
<p>This study aimed at measuring the impact of ICT on economic growth in the Arab States through an econometric study that included disaggregated data for 17 Arab countries during 2022, based on the independent variables of: Percentage of Intranet subscribers, percentage of mobile phone subscribers per 100 persons, Percentage of subscribers of fixed phones per 100 persons, in addition to economic growth expressed in the average per capita GDP as a dependent variable, Based on the statistical analysis technique of cluster analysis, the Arab States were classified into three groups according to the ICT index and the Gulf States were at the forefront and the method of analysing the gradual decline, which concluded that the variable percentage of subscribers to fixed phones had the only impact on Arab countries' economic growth.</p>Elhamza Ahmed , Mohamed Lamine Belhouchet
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2024-03-032024-03-03612416428PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING THEIR RELATIONSHIP
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8373
<p> The relationship between philosophy and science is one of the topics that attracts the interest of many researchers and philosophers, as this relationship represents a convergence point between deep philosophical inquiry and precise scientific analysis. This study examines this relationship by analyzing its evolution throughout history and its impact on human thought. The study reveals that philosophy and science have evolved side by side, where philosophy represented the primary approach to human thought before the emergence of science as we know it today. With the development and independent emergence of science, philosophy also began to evolve to include discussions on scientific methodology, ethics, and metaphysics. The study also emphasizes that philosophy and science continuously exchange ideas and concepts, with philosophers posing fundamental questions about existence, truth, and meaning, while science provides evidence and results that can be used to support or challenge philosophical theories. Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that the relationship between philosophy and science is one of cooperation and interaction, where each can benefit from interacting with the other in their common quest to understand the world and reality more deeply and comprehensively.</p>Dr. Gadi Hicham
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2024-03-032024-03-03612429448THE STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF MENTAL REFERENCE: FROM CONSTRUCTION TO RECEPTION
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8374
<p>The topic of "reference" is an ancient one, but the development of linguistic studies and its various branches has made it necessary to delve into it, especially with regard to its influence on the reference system in cognitive discourse studies. In our research, we will focus on the phenomenon of reference within the framework of the phenomenon of "selfhood" in texts of Quranic debates. Our analysis will revolve around a comparative examination of the structure of reference, considering its stability in some cases and its transformation in others, as well as its specific reception in different cases. By stability, we mean its position in linguistics, which can be divided into two types: subjective reference ("Référence Subjective") and objective reference ("Référence Objective"). These two types are embodied at the level of discourse and usage, expressing the presence of the speaker and the receiver as essential elements in the communicative process. It is the speaker who refers, not the linguistic expression itself. In communication, the referential function of language operates with a subjective imprint, representing an individual and self-performed act by the speaker and perceived by the addressee.</p>Dr. Wahiba Khabil
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2024-03-032024-03-03612449464THE ETHICS OF THE MEDIA PROFESSION IN THE WORLD BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8375
<p> Professional and ethical standards act as a protective barrier against misinformation in media. When these standards erode due to various factors such as monopolies, deception gradually replaces credibility and objectivity. Deceptive practices present biased illusions as unbiased reality, often by omitting challenging facts and undermining the legitimacy of movements seeking change. The study aims to highlight the importance of journalistic ethics and their role in media work, examining their interaction with concepts like freedom, neutrality, and objectivity. It also addresses key factors such as political interference, financial influence, and ideology in shaping media content by drawing on international political events as examples that significantly impact global relations.</p>Ahmed Cherif Bessam, Ahmed Amine Fourar, Musatpha Sehari
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2024-03-032024-03-03612465482THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON THE EMERGENCE OF SOME BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (A FIELD STUDY ON THE SAMPLE OF YAHIA FARES MEDEA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS)
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8376
<p>The study aims to reveal the effect of social networking sites on the emergence of some behavioral disorders among undergraduate students at Yahya Fares University in Medea.</p> <p>Where it was found through the results that addiction on social media sites is high in females higher than males, and it was also found that students addicted to the sites suffer from the behavioral disorders that were mentioned, and we also relied on a sample of (50) students we have applied a questionnaire that includes addiction Communication sites, sleep disorder and anxiety.</p>Beddiaf Adel, Bacha Yasmine, Louanes Asma
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2024-03-032024-03-03612483496COMPENSATORY HEALTH BELIEFS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS HEALTH BEHAVIOR AMONG CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY-AFIELD STUDY IN THE HOSPITAL OF GHARDAIA
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8377
<p> This study was conducted in patients with chronic renal insufficiency who were hospitalized at the Ghardaia state level. The research sample consisted of 30 patients (17 men and 13 women). The goal of the study was to find the compensatory health beliefs and the trend towards healthy behavior in chronic renal insufficiency patients and the relationship between them. The study used: a measure of the compensatory health beliefs of Dagestani and Mufti and a measure of the trend towards healthy behavior of Zaatout Ramadan. The results obtained that chronic renal insufficiency patients have healthy compensatory beliefs, and a negative trend towards healthy behavior, but there was no correlation between health beliefs and a trend towards healthy behavior for the study sample.</p>Boughrari Keltoum, Boutaani Farid
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2024-03-032024-03-03612497506THE LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL AUDITING IN ALGERIA
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8378
<p> This study aimed to identify the legislative development of external audit laws in Algeria, by addressing the following problem: Is there a development in the legislative mechanism of the accounts portfolios in Algeria? The importance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to the study of the legal and legislative elements of the accounts portfolios, so the researchers analysed the various decrees and laws that govern the work of the accounts portfolio since independence until the issuance of Law 10/01 and its executive decrees, and the researchers relied on the descriptive analytical approach appropriate to the theoretical construction and discussion of the results, and the study found that there is no noticeable development in the system for the accounts portfolios in terms of conditions for accreditation, and how legally to appoint him, in addition to his responsibility, rights and duties, and the researchers have interpreted This is due to the existence of a kind of relative compatibility between these legislations and the audit standards in the four aspects discussed by the researchers.</p>GRITLI Mohamed
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2024-03-032024-03-03612507516IMPLEMENTING FISCAL RULES TO ACHIEVE FISCAL DISCIPLINE IN ALGERIA DURING THE PERIOD 1999-2019
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8379
<p>In the context of talking about financing the public treasury deficit and the difficulties it faces in finding sources of financing, thinking is focused on how to avoid falling into deficit by limiting irrational spending by following strict rules, urged by governments' financial legislation, which is what the concept of fiscal discipline devotes by following fiscal rules.</p> <p>This study aims to address the application of fiscal discipline in Algeria through fiscal rules. The research concluded that the term fiscal rules in Algerian financial legislation was not used. However, it was used a number of times by implication. But fiscal discipline was not achieved either through fiscal measures or by following unfinished fiscal rules.</p>Guefaifia Nadjette, Hadjer Benattou
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2024-03-032024-03-03612517529THE LEVEL OF CYBERBULLYING AMONG STUDENTS IN LIGHT OF SOME VARIABLES
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8380
<p>The current study aimed to determine the level of cyberbullying among a sample of students (victims), as well as to explore differences in the level of cyberbullying based on gender, age, and academic level. The study was conducted on 139 male and female students from the College of Social Sciences at Saida University. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive approach was employed, using a measurement tool in the form of a questionnaire to assess cyberbullying among the perpetrators (victims). The study results revealed a low level of cyberbullying among the study sample and statistically significant differences between students based on the gender variable in favour of males. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the study sample based on age and academic level variables. These results were discussed within the theoretical framework and existing literature.</p>Nebbar Rekia, Benmaachou Mahadji
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2024-03-032024-03-03612530546VIOLENCE AGAINST WIVES WITHIN THE FAMILY: A CASE STUDY OF SPOUSAL VIOLENCE
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8381
<p>Domestic violence, or family violence, is a social phenomenon that exists in abundance in all parts of the world, and in the Arab world in particular. The most prominent victim of domestic violence is the woman, and the perpetrator is usually the husband.</p> <p>Therefore, this research paper aims to study marital violence, specifically the violence of a husband against his wife. We have concluded that the wife in the Arab world is subjected to all forms of violence from her husband for various reasons, the most prominent of which is suspicion.</p>Nasrreddin Aziez, Samira Laghouil
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2024-03-032024-03-03612547554TRAGIC RESONANCE: AN ARISTOTELIAN AND NIETZSCHEAN EXPLORATION THROUGH HARDY'S JUDE THE OBSCURE AND FITZGERALD'S THE GREAT GATSBY
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8382
<p> This article delves into the exploration of tragedy in literature through the lenses of Aristotle and Nietzsche, using Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby as literary canvases. The analysis encompasses Aristotelian elements of tragedy, including the tragic hero, plot structure, and catharsis, juxtaposed with Nietzsche's concepts of the Dionysian and Apollonian forces. The tragic flaws of protagonists Jude and Gatsby are scrutinized, tracing their downfalls rooted in societal pressures and an abandonment of their original dreams. The interplay between fate and individual agency, as interpreted by Nietzsche, is examined, along with the tragic inevitability mirrored in both narratives. The article offers a comparative exploration, shedding light on the timeless resonance of these classical philosophies in understanding the complexities of tragic narratives in literature.</p>Babkar Abdelkader
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2024-03-032024-03-03612555564THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC SUKUK IN ACHIEVING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8383
<p>This study aims to highlight the role of Islamic sukuk in activating various Islamic financing formulas as an alternative to traditional sukuk and securities. We will review the concept of Islamic sukuk by defining Islamic sukuk, its origin, and the types of Islamic sukuk that the bank may allow to be used. We will then discuss a brief comparison between Islamic sukuk and traditional securities, as well as the most important formulas and methods that can be adopted by the bank to finance various economic projects.</p>Hamouta Abd Elaali, Khellout Souaad, Bentaya Zoulikha
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2024-03-032024-03-03612565573THE SEPARATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN THE MODERN WESTERN COGNITIVE SYSTEM
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8384
<p> The relationship of science to religion in the Western cognitive system is characterized by conflict and separation, this is the result of the sediments formed in the Western mind by the negative practices of the Church against scientists and scientists, What should be noted is that the separation between science and religion imposed by the Western cognitive system is based on false generalizations, There was no conflict between science and religion, but between science and theologians, and the church which they were protected in their Choking against scientific diligence, The Choking that the Europeans suffered in the Middle Ages by the Church cannot be generalized, and that religion in general is an obstacle to scientific diligence, For any consideration that makes the teachings of other religions an obstacle to science, After the European scientific renaissance established in the Western culture that the transformations experienced by the Western society and The choices he has taken to achieve his scientific renaissance enabled him to be an incubator environment for scientific and cognitive creativity, In this Allegation is a justification for the separation between science and religion, As secularizing science by excluding it from all that is related to religion is the right choice, Many have criticized the Western cognitive system because of the imbalances caused by the removal of religion from science and its confirmation on rational and material vision as sources of knowledge,Against this, there is a need to present an alternative vision based on the integration of science and religion.</p>Tounsi Mohammed
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2024-03-032024-03-03612574591CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MANAGER OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPANY OF CRIME BANKRUPTCY
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8385
<p> In the world of business, bankruptcy is a major transgression. The Algerian lawmaker has made it easier for the indebted company's creditors to collect their losses. Managers of public limited businesses and limited liability companies by shares are subject to special regulations in the event of corruption. Also, when managers conduct either simple or fraudulent bankruptcy, the legislator punishes them.Two main points will be covered in this article: the first is the material and moral aspects, and the second is the legal pursuit and penalties.</p>MEDDAH Abd Latif , MANSOURI Elmabrouk
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2024-03-032024-03-03612592608THE FOUNDATIONS OF CREATIVE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN THE TRADITIONAL MAGHREB EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM THROUGH THE EFFORTS OF MUSLIM THINKERS - IBN KHALDOUN, FOUNDER.
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8407
<p>This research aims to highlight the methodological value that the Maghreb educational system acquired in the past centuries, when teachers were interested in combining the Holy Qur’an and Islamic sciences on the one hand, and mental sciences and experimental sciences on the third hand.</p> <p>The teacher or sheikh would teach his students the Arabic language, arithmetic, mathematics, and logic, in an organized manner that was compatible with the children’s learning levels. The Arab and Maghreb countries in particular still maintained these systems while developing them in a way that was compatible with technological development and the diversity of cultures.</p> <p>The research attempts to advance traditional educational curricula and invest in their methods, methods, and levels in strengthening the educational portfolio in first or primary education, as it is the foundational building block and first rule in the scientific formation of children.</p>ZEKRAOUI HOCINE, IKHLEF MOHAMMED, BOUDJEMA MOHAMMED El AMINE
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2024-03-082024-03-08612609616THE PRINCIPLE OF PRICEFREEDOM AS A MECHANISM FOR MARKET CONTROL UNDER ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8408
<p> The principle of pricefreedom as a mechanism for market control under Algerian legislation Particularly competition law, is an imperative of the principles of capitalist regulations, The State does not preclude the possibility of intervening and imposing restrictions on it to achieve the very social realization it has adopted.</p> <p>Based on this, the axes of this paper were formed to raise this problem: According to the Algerian legislature, when enshrining the principle of freedom of prices, is the control and regulation of the market in the service of economic development?</p> <p>To become familiar with the topic, the study was divided into basic researchers:</p> <p><strong>First: </strong>Enshrining the principle of price freedom.</p> <p><strong>Second</strong><strong>:</strong> Restrictions on the principle of free prices are consumer protection.</p>Dr. Antar Hadidi
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2024-03-082024-03-08612617637THE PALESTINIAN ISSUE IN THE INTERESTS OF THE ARAB MAGHREB NEWSPAPERS 1947-1949
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8409
<p>the Palestinian issue and the emerging Arab-Israeli conflict .lt covered the conflicťs developments in detail,starting from the 1947 partition plan Palestine to the establishment of the state of israel and the palestinian Nakba in 1948 the newspaper documented the opinions and stances of Arab and international countries toward the ongoing conflict,and its impact on the Palestinian people and the regionasa whole.lt published reports on current events and analyses making it a crucial source of information for readers interested in following events in Palestine and the Middle East.</p>Makhlouf Rania
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2024-03-082024-03-08612638658DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN ALGERIA TO ELIMINATE THE HOUSING CRISIS
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8410
<p>Nowadays, Algeria is experiencing the housing crisis that is getting worse with demographic growth. According to the recent statistics which indicate that the population of Algeria is constantly increasing. This increase required to think about policies and projects to cover the deficit that cities are suffering to decrease the volume of needs related to space, housing, and other various facilities at the city level.</p> <p>Considering that the establishment of “new cities” is one of the solutions pursued by most countries in order to eliminate the housing crisis, this political trend is evident in the path of many developed countries through their experiences in the field of establishing new cities...</p> <p>In Algeria, the establishment of new cities was a political choice imposed by the unbalanced urban conditions and the stifling housing crisis. However, the many problems that Algeria suffers from hinder for instance; projects, especially the problems related to natural growth and migration towards cities<strong>.(1)</strong></p> <p>What is the reality of the new cities in Algeria? Was the state able to eliminate the housing crisis by establishing new cities?</p>Dr. Hana KOUCHIDA
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2024-03-082024-03-08612659670LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR THE ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF MUNICIPAL PEOPLE'S COUNCILS UNDER ORDER 21 - 01
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8411
<p> The Algerian legislature has attached great importance to the local level, especially those elected at the level of the municipal people's councils, since they have a direct relationship with citizens and to the acquisition of that status, as regulated by the Order 21 - 01. The electoral system begins with the establishment of legal requirements for candidates for membership of municipal people's assemblies, with the establishment of legal mechanisms by which the voting process is organized until such time as the counting process is conducted and the results are announced in order to ensure the integrity of the electoral process and the selection of municipal elected persons whose affairs are conducted at the level of their municipalities throughout their electoral period in order to serve their aspirations.</p>Lakhdar Hamina Abdallah
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2024-03-102024-03-10612671685PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDER IN LIGHT OF FAMILY SYSTEM DISORDER
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8412
<p>This study is an attempt to show the various theories explaining the psychosomatic disorder, including behavioral theory, personality style theories, personality profile theory, psychoanalytic school and biological theory, with a focus on systemic theory.</p> <p>Systematic approach provides an explanation of some of the unconscious contexts that are transmitted through generations and the impact of non-transcendental traumas of previous generations in the formation of psychosomatic disorder in descendants.</p>Zahia DJEDOUI
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2024-03-102024-03-10612686695WHAT ARE STRESS: EFFECTS AND METHODS OF COPING WITH THEM
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8413
<p>Through his growth, man goes through different stages of life, each has its own requirements, and some of these requirements require him to change the course of his life and reconsider his way of life. However, meeting these requirements or changing the course of life is not always easy; people may be exposed to varying colors of stress forces that prevent satisfying a need or achieving a particular goal. Alternatively, practicing desirable behavior or it forces him to obey and submit against his will and inclinations (Radwan, 2007, p. 77).</p> <p>These compressive forces vary from age to age, both in terms of the intensity and variety of stress, or in terms of the individual's response to it. Being exposed to life stress is inevitable, as the reality of life is fraught with traumatic events and experiences, failure and frustration; it is rare for an individual to experience one type of such stress, but the strongest possibility is that the individual may be exposed to more than one type of stress, whether willingly or not, all happen simultaneously, not at intervals (Ali, 1995, p. 25).</p> <p>The topic of stress has received great attention from scientists and researchers; this is because of its great impact on individuals in various aspects of life, accordingly, many studies have emerged that address and research in this context. Several private centers for the treatment and reduction of negative stress have also appeared abroad.</p> <p>Given the importance of this topic, we will try to shed light on what stress is and how it occurs, and the most important effects and consequences resulting from it, which especially affect university students, finally, we will mention the most important methods of confronting them.</p>Benderbal Ismahen
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2024-03-102024-03-10612696705PROGRAMS FOR TEACHING ARABIC TO NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS BETWEEN CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF SOME COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8415
<p> Language - as it was known - is no longer just a collection of sounds through which each people expresses their purposes, but rather it has become the people's fortress and safe haven to preserve their identity. Thus, the language has been imbued with intellectual meanings and cultural loads, reflecting the customs, traditions and customs of societies, through which it has become the cultural identity. One of the important elements in language learning and acquisition, in addition to the basic teaching skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing, in order to achieve communicative competence, which cannot be achieved well except by achieving cultural linguistic competence, which plays an important role in the process of understanding the language and is a basic condition for learning it. It is not possible to isolate the learner from the linguistic environment that is linked to the culture of societies, their customs and traditions, and the various methods of communication between individuals. Therefore, through this study, we will work to demonstrate the importance of linguistic culture in teaching and learning languages, and we will focus largely on educational computer programs that are widely spread. currently.</p>Dr.Larbi bouamrane Boualem , Dr Aiouche Naima
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2024-03-102024-03-10612706719NTERNATIONAL AUDITING STANDARDS (ISA) AND ALGERIAN AUDITING STANDARDS (NAA) SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8416
<p> The study aims to compare the Algerian auditing standards (NAA) issued by the National Accounting Council (CNC) with the International Auditing Standards (ISA). In order to address the problem of the study, the research required studying the theoretical part of the Algerian auditing standards.</p> <p>This study concluded that the difference between the Algerian Auditing Standards (NAA) and the International Auditing Standards (ISA) lies in the formal limits in terms of wording, terminology, and size of expansion, as the International Auditing Standards are more detailed and expanded than the Algerian Auditing Standards (NAA), while they are similar to The extent of conformity in terms of purpose and field of application, however, it must be noted that a common difference appears between most of the standards, which is the allocation of international auditing standards to the public sector in most of the standards, while the Algerian auditing standards (NAA) did not address this part.</p>Dr. abdelatif harchaou
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2024-03-102024-03-10612720733THE IMAGE OF WOMEN IN SOCIAL MEDIA JOKES (FACEBOOK): A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8417
<p>This research attempts to study the image of women through jokes on social networking sites, specifically Facebook, for the purpose of finding out whether these jokes reflect society’s view of women, a view that objectifies them, links them to trivial and routine concepts, and describes them with inherited negative traits related to treachery, betrayal, lying, domineering, gossip, etc., and how this contributes. Literary genre helps consolidate these concepts, especially since it is transmitted through modern means of communication characterized by the rapid spread of content. </p>Dr. laoubi sihem
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2024-03-102024-03-10612734745THE ROLE OF COMPUTER LINGUISTIC BLOGS IN THE ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY INDUSTRY
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8418
<p>Linguistic blogs are among the areas that have benefited greatly from modern technologies, and have achieved a strong connection between language and the computer, until it has become an indispensable research tool and methodological approach in various linguistic studies, which are directly related to computational linguistics, the automatic processing of natural languages, and can also be invested In the field of lexical industry, education, translation and other fields, this is due to the advantages offered by these linguistic blogs in terms of providing a huge amount of textual data, shortening effort and time, organizing and classifying information, and the ability to retrieve it.</p>Dr. Aiouche Naima
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2024-03-102024-03-10612746756THE LEVEL OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG A SAMPLE OF MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ALGERIA
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8419
<p> The mental health of teachers is so importance as it is associated with their professional performance and their ability to meet the needs of students and provide a healthy and supportive learning environment. The aim of this study was to find out the level of mental health among a sample of middle school teachers and identify differences in mental health levels between males and females. The study sample consisted of 82 teachers aged between 24 and 52 years, with a mean age of 34.63. The sample included 27 males and 55 females. A descriptive research method was utilized, and the mental health scale built by Labibah Ahmad Abu Al-Amarin (2008) was employed. The results indicated the following:</p> <p>1- The level of mental health among the sample participants was low.</p> <p>2- There were differences in the level of mental health between genders.</p> <p>Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations and suggestions were proposed.</p>Dr. Belmehdi Fatiha
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2024-03-112024-03-11612757767Phonology of Sound Segments in Sacred Discourse
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8421
<p>The research aims to subject the linguistic sound under study by examining the phonological structures in the corpus of sacred "Hadith Al-Qudsia" discourse. This approach considers that phonological studies have not revealed all the facts and data, as they have not addressed various topics of phonological study and have remained confined to the physiological aspect. Additionally, some issues in phonological research are still unresolved. Considering that sacred discourse has an impact that touches the depths of the heart due to its meanings and expressive powers, it is an inspiration and revelation from God Almighty</p>Dr. Boudiar chaima
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2024-03-132024-03-13612768778Folk song and concept multiplicity
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8422
<p>Popular food is the nation's pot in which the singer pours his hopes and pain, expresses all his feelings and feelings in his chest. It is bound to life and absorbs many layers of people. It has a promotional and psychological role. It is self-sacrificing, breathing and is a fundamental component of the personality that expresses a social reality, drawing its strength from within the cultural structure of society</p>Dr. Raki Nadjat
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2024-03-132024-03-13612779783The extent to which Arabic writers contribute to cultivating Algerian society's culture among primary school students
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8423
<p>This research aims to ascertain the extent to which Arabic language writers contribute to cultivating the culture of Algerian society among primary school students by analysing the content of texts in the third and fourth years of primary education. The research concludes that Arabic language writers contribute significantly to cultivating Algerian society's culture in young people in primary education</p>Benkaida Messaouda
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2024-03-132024-03-13612784795ATTITUDES OF ALGERIAN JOURNALISTS TOWARDS NEWS PROGRAMMES ON AL JAZEERA: A FIELD STUDY
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8427
<p>The objective of this study was to identify the attitudes of Algerian journalists towards Al Jazeera's news programmes, which have become a major media phenomenon in the Algerian, Arab, and global media landscape due to the topics they cover and the taboos they have broken compared to the official Arab media.</p> <p>The researcher used a questionnaire to study 71 Algerian journalists through a purposive sample, as there is no clear catalogue of the number of Algerian journalists.</p> <p>The study found that both male (43) and female (22) Algerian journalists watch Al Jazeera's news programmes. Additionally, the majority of Al Jazeera's viewers have an intermediate or higher level of education. Media professionals' attitudes towards Al Jazeera's programmes range from viewing it as a professional institution to viewing it from the angle of ideological newsmaking.</p>Chibani Rabah
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2024-03-172024-03-17612796802LEGAL PROTECTION FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS AGAINST THE ADMINISTRATION AN ANALYTICAL STUDY UNDER LAW 22/13 ON CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8428
<p> The legal provisions have authorised the resort to proceedings and the enforcement of coercive measures against the administration under certain conditions and defined procedures. The Algerian legislator has established a special system as a penalty that corresponds to the nature of the negative behaviour of the administration towards judicial decisions. Moreover, the guarantees for the enforcement of administrative judicial decisions against the administration have witnessed significant and substantial developments in Algerian legislation, particularly following the issuance of Law 22/13 on civil and administrative procedure, which explicitly extends the powers of the administrative judge.</p> <p> </p>Chaguetmi sihem
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2024-03-172024-03-17612803817THE NATIONAL FOR THE PREVENTION AND COMBATING OF CORRUPTION AND THE HIGER AU THORITY FOR TRANSPARENCY TO PREVENT AND COMBAT CORRUPTION IN ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8429
<p>Corruption is a global phenomenon that the international community has addressed Under international conventions and charters, especially the United Nations convention on the prevention and combating of corruption approved by the general assembly on 29/09/2006, which Algeria ratified with reservations, Accordingly, the Algerian legislator introduced several amendments to prevent corruption. Especially law NO. 01-06 of 22/02/2006m which included in articles 17 to 24, as an exception, the national commission for the prevention and combating of corruption, and in implementation of those article, presidential decree NO. 06-413 of 22/11/2006 specified the composition and management of the commission, but after the amendment in 2020, it stipulated the supreme authority for transparency and the prevention of corruption, and as an embodiment of that, law 08-22 was issued on 22/05/</p> <p>2022, which includes the establishment of the authority, how it is formed its functioning, and its functions, and abolishes the authority.</p>Bot Sofiane1, Ababsa Samir
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2024-03-172024-03-17612818829OUT-OF-MEDIA COMMUNICATION AS PART OF COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATION
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8430
<p>The market of the agri-food sector is becoming more and more competitive, which forces each company developing in this field to stand out and distinguish itself in the eyes of customers, in order to face the strong competition in the market. In this context, opting for a new product launch and development strategy is essential to ensure the company's continuity on the market. Several Algerian companies resort to communication which allows it to have a better visibility for its new products, to attract the consumer, to encourage him to buy, and this by being close to him to retain him. For this purpose, out-of-media communication is the best technique to use.</p> <p>The privileged use of advertising at the point of sale, direct marketing, events and digital social networks contribute to the successful implementation of non-media means, in order to make the product known, attract the customer, boost sales and retain customers.</p>Kahina Berkoune
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2024-03-172024-03-17612830845TEXT CLASSIFICATION. AN APPROACH TO MEANING AND COMMUNICATION
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8431
<p> Although text linguistics essentially aims to analyze, deconstruct, synthesize, and dissect texts structurally at several levels through processes of succession,connection, and succession, the issue of text classification is a stand -alone problem among text scholars and language teaching scholars, and multiple attempts have been made and are still being made in order to reach A clear classification, and the theory of literary genres was used, which has become one of the most important theoretical and applied documents on which text linguistics and literary criticism are based in their dealings with texts in the process of reading evaluation interpretation, classification, and analysis, with a desire to be able to know the various linguistic techniques used in reading the text, understanding it , interpreting it, and interpreting it. And knowing the aspects of its coherence and harmony, and what distinguishes the literary text from the rest of the other literary genres , and what also distinguishes the argumentative text from the descriptive text , the informational text, the informational text and the advertising text. In light of this problem , this research paper comes to address this important part of linguistic research , and examines its axes in an appropriate scientific manner that brings together various opinions by documenting and analyzing them in a way that is easy to mention, and according to a descriptive and analytical reading.</p>Habchi Tidjani
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2024-03-172024-03-17612846864CULTURAL LINGUISTICS AND PRAGMATICS
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8432
<p> Cultural and pragmatic linguistics share the same field as the two discuss bilingualism and practice, but with a difference, since the first considers practice as a cultural practice that goes beyond the situational concept of the second. Therefore, this work raises the problem of addressing some pragmatic concepts in a cultural way, such as the concept of discursive acts, and in contrast, the treatment of the concept of schemas. Cultural deliberative processing. The result of this treatment was the concept of cultural discursive acts and the concept of deliberative cultural schemes.</p> Abdenacer Benbennadji , M'hammed Lokdai
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2024-03-172024-03-17612864871ALGERIA'S CHANCES OF DEVELOPMENT UNDER CHINA'S "BELT AND ROAD" INITIATIVE
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8433
<p> The distinguished historical relations between Algeria and China have contributed to building solid diplomatic relations between the two countries, and China's foreign policy based on mutual benefit made China the first exporting country and the main economic partner for Algeria within investment contracts amounting to 22.20 billion $ during the period 2005 to 2016. With the aim of promoting economic relations, Algeria joined in 2018, the Belt and Road Initiative, which was adopted by China in 2013 to integrate its economy into the international economy in various continents, including the African continent, in order to achieve sustainable development. Algeria is looking for investments to gain technology and find an alternative to the oil economy, which is what it found in the Chinese partner. From this point of view, we try, through this intervention, to shed light on Algeria's chances of development as the gateway to Africa under the Chinese initiative.</p>Fatiha Mokhtari, Abdellatif Habi, Hicham Benazza
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2024-03-172024-03-17612872885THE BODY BETWEEN FOLK AND RELIGIOUS DANCE
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8434
<p>Dance is considered a form of expression of culture and social and civilizational behavior for different societies, in which the body is a means of communication and revival of customs and practices. Thus, dance plays a role in all primitive and modern cultures, thus being the basic standard for celebrations, occasions, and religious rituals whose function is linked to the development of society.</p>Dr. Azeddine Terbeche
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2024-03-172024-03-17612886892Multiplicity of scientific and technical terms: A problematic or a linguistic property?
http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/8435
<p>Our study is based on the idea that the multiplicity of terminology is neither a linguistic flaw nor a linguistic or terminological problem. It is not considered to be ambiguous. We will show how specialised terms can share the same characteristics as general vocabulary, in particular synonymy. In the course of this study, we will examine the origins of the modern theory of terminology formulated by Wüster, with the aim of clarifying the reasons why this theory and its proponents rely on standardisation and reject synonymy in order to facilitate communication between researchers worldwide. We will also discuss the modern theory of terminology, which is relatively supportive of the idea of synonymy. Finally, we will conduct a study of a number of common scientific terms in English and compare them with their synonyms to illustrate how the current era has imposed a stream of terminology that refers to the same concept. It remains the responsibility of individuals, researchers and different institutions to choose the terminology they consider appropriate.</p>Assia Laribi
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2024-03-172024-03-17612893907