Psychology and Education Journal http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae <h2><strong>PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (ISSN: 1553-6939)<br /></strong></h2> <div class="row" style="border: 1px solid grey; padding: 5px; text-align: justify;">Dear Authors and Researchers,<br />We would like to inform you that the U.S. ISSN Center at the Library of Congress has confirmed that the correct ISSN number of the Journal <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> is ISSN 1553-6939. This ISSN is to be used instead of ISSN 0033-3077 which is the ISSN that belongs to the former title, “<strong>Psychology</strong>.” Each time a journal undergoes a major change of title a new ISSN is assigned. <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> also has been assigned a Linking ISSN (ISSN-L). The ISSN-L is available for use when there is a need to identify and link to a continuing resource without regard to format, for example in services such as OpenURL, library catalogues, search engines or knowledge bases. The next issue of <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> will be published with ISSN 1553-6969. But the previous ISSN will be also available in the ISSN Portal to retrieve the record for <strong>Psychology</strong> because it remains the identifier for the former title <strong>Psychology</strong> and the articles published under that title.</div> <div class="row"> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Arts and Languages, Humanities, Social Sciences, Management and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Sports Sciences, Psychology, Education Sciences, Biological and Medical Sciences, History, Philosophy, Media and Communication, Science and Technology, Engineering.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Psychology and Education</strong> <strong>(ISSN: 1553-6939)</strong> is a quality journal devoted to basic research, theory, and techniques and arts of practice in the general field of psychology and education. <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> is published bimonthly. There are numerous papers on important aspects of psychology and education which can find no place in the professional literature. This journal is dedicated to filling this void.<br />Preparation of manuscripts: In formal aspects, the manuscripts should follow closely the general directions given in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th Edition). EXCEPTIONS: All data in photographs, tables, drawings, figures and graphs must be simplified and stated in the RESULTS section of the paper. All papers must be formatted in MSWord, typed, Times New Roman font #12, double-spaced, with 1 inch margins, and submitted electronically or printed manuscript in original copy. Manuscripts must be accompanied by an abstract of about 70-100 words. The manuscript and abstract should conform to the American Psychological Association Manual Style, 6th Edition.<br />Given the present trends in the publishing industry and to reach the global audience without any restrictions, we have opted to move the journal from subscription-based to Gold open access.<br />A shift in this mode has certain benefits:</p> <ul> <li>Increased usage and citation</li> <li>Easy compliance with institutional and funder mandates</li> <li>Retention of copyright by authors</li> <li>Greater public engagement</li> <li>Faster impact</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Psychology and Education</strong>, the Editor, nor the Board of Editors (individually or collectively), assumes no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion in the papers printed. Authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permissions. Advertising rates supplied on request. Books for review should be sent to the Editor.<br />Articles in <strong>Psychology and Education</strong> are listed in PsycINFO, American Psychological Association (APA), Scopus, psychologyandeducation.net, and shared with other websites, and numerous gratis copies are mailed to the Library of Congress, EBSCO subscription services, and universities in developing countries overseas.</p> </div> Psychology and Education en-US Psychology and Education Journal 1553-6939 Augustin: The Dialect of African and Influences http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/9999 <p>Saint Augustine, one of the most prominent thinkers in the history of Christianity, serves as an important model for understanding the interaction between Latin and African cultures in antiquity. Although Augustine was born in North Africa, some associate him primarily with Latin culture, overlooking the influence of his African environment on his thought.</p> Zemmouri Khedidja Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 1 12 The nodal issues in the Nawazil Abu elabbas Alwansharissi http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10016 <p><strong>ABSTRACT : </strong></p> <p>The blog of Alnwazil for Alwancharissy which was knew as: "Almeiyar almoerib</p> <p>and aldjamie almoerib of fatwas Africa Andalus and Almaghrib" included answers about</p> <p>doctrine and jurispundenec issues. In this research we are trying to uncover the content</p> <p>of these issues and classified them according to the sections of doctrine (al'iilahiaat</p> <p>alnubawaat and alsameiaat(.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> D.Aissam Boucherba Copyright (c) 2025 Psychology and Education Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-10 2025-03-10 62 3 1 13 The Importance of Sexual Education for Healthy Personality Development http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10000 <p>Sex education means something much broader than sex education, it means the sufficient valid experience that qualifies the young to adapt well to the various life problems that revolve around the sexual function.Sex education does not mean knowing how to present the anatomy of the reproductive organs and their function to children and adolescents, but rather real sex education is to make them realize that this instinct, like other instincts, must be placed at the disposal of the will and the mind.</p> Mouffok Dihia Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 13 32 Horror Cinema and the Audience: Aesthetic Scene and Psychological Impact http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10001 <p>The horror film is one of the most widely viewed genres among audiences due to its positive and negative impact on viewers. It encompasses a range of artistic and technical elements with psychological implications that stimulate the latent feelings in the subconscious of the audience, providing them with an impression that contrasts with reality, thus generating a sense of what is called catharsis. Horror in cinema can either stem from real human experiences or be entirely the opposite, meaning a reflection of&nbsp; imagination that negatively impacts reality in society.</p> DR. AMARI ALLEL Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 33 52 Arabian Horses and Their Status in the Ottoman Army and Celebrations http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10002 <p>This study aims to highlight the significance of the Arabian horses in Ottoman heritage, where the Arabian horse was a symbol of strength and beauty ; received <br>special attention from Ottoman sultans, both in military applications and official celebrations.</p> Mammar CHACHOUA, Miloud Missoum Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 53 64 The Legal System for Business Incubators in Algeria http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10003 <p>Business incubators have played a major role in recent years, whether at the academic level through research and study, or at the level of programs and <br>policies governed by governments of countries and considered as a mechanism to contribute to sustainable development. It has become important in improving, economic, political and social development of countries by helping entrepreneurs and owners of innovative projects to overcome difficulties, especially in the launch stage, and to embody intellectual creativity into serious and productive projects.</p> Benzidane Zouina Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 65 80 Features and characteristics of the reign of the Prophet of God, Solomon - peace be upon him. A Quranic study. http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10004 <p>Holly Koran tells stories which portray the greatness of some individuals who can be regarded as a model worth emulating. The prophet Solaymane, could serve as a typical example. His name has been verbally explicit in seventeen verses which all mention the achievements of this great person.</p> Dr. Mediani Mustapha Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 81 91 Features and characteristics of the reign of the Prophet of God, Solomon - peace be upon him. A Quranic study. http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10005 <p>Holly Koran tells stories which portray the greatness of some individuals who can be regarded as a model worth emulating. The prophet Solaymane, could serve as a typical example. His name has been verbally explicit in seventeen verses which all mention the achievements of this great person.</p> Dr. Mediani Mustapha Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 92 103 The Media Coverage of Cybercrime in the Algerian Police Magazine: A Descriptive and Analytical Study (2023-2024) http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10012 <p>The present study aims to explore the media coverage of cybercrime by the Algerian Police Magazine in light of the increasing risks and implications of cyber offenses in the era of technological advancement. As an official digital platform affiliated with the National Security Directorate, the Algerian Police Magazine plays a crucial role in raising public awareness and fostering digital literacy through its coverage of cybercrime-related issues.</p> Dr. Hafida Bouhali Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-02-20 2025-02-20 62 3 104 135 Reasoning by Common sense in matters of belief http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10013 <p>The one who meditates on the legal texts in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet It is noted how much care she took in talking about Common sense and its various meanings, this depends on the context in which it is mentioned.And what I discussed in this article: It is the meaning whose meaning is linked to the <br>right religion; And the prior Preparations to accept the truth and its meaning; I showed how to benefit from it in making inferences on some issues of belief, Especially the existence and oneness of God.</p> Elmasri Ahmed Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 62 3 136 153 Separation of religion from state Between Algerian associations and the French colonial administration ``Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars as an example`` http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10015 <p>This important scientific study deals with the separation of religion from the French colonial administration in Algeria . It was demanded by Algerian associations and dealt with by the French colonial administration in Algeria, where the Association of Muslim Scholars was the leader of this demand. Islamic religious affairs in Algeria were an important factor for the Algerian people and their intellectuals .Each party had goals and means, especially since the French dealings with other religious minorities in Algeria were completely different from their dealings with Islamic affairs .</p> Rahmani Mohamed El Amine, Dr. Ould Ennebia Karim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-11 2025-03-11 62 3 154 164 The Contribution of Vertical Jump to Repeated Sprint Ability Among Soccer Players http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10017 <p>The study aimed to determine the percentage of contribution of vertical jump to repeated sprint ability; it was conducted in a cross-sectional and correlational design with a quantitative approach on a convenience sample of 26 players (age: 24.65 ± 4.72 years; height: 178.04 ± 4.32 cm; weight: 74.77 ± 3.30 kg). The Sargent (vertical jump) and RSA tests were used, and the data were processed through the Jasp software. The results showed a negative correlation between vertical jump and repeated sprint ability among Soccer players, with a percentage contributing 44%. As a recommendation for coaches, additional focus should be devoted to enhancing the vertical jumpability of soccer players to improve RSA performance.</p> KHALED BAOUCHE, HOCINE GUERROUMI, AMINE SAIDI, ABDERRAHMEN TAHCHI, REDOUANE BERREDJEM Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-13 2025-03-13 62 3 165 171 Causes of the Prevalence of Divorce in the City of Adrar from the Perspective of Lawyers http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10018 <p>The article examines the causes of the increasing prevalence of divorce in the province of Adrar from the perspective of lawyers. It analyzes the social, economic, and psychological factors contributing to the rise in divorce cases, based on lawyers' insights. To explore this issue, the study is guided by the central question: What are the underlying reasons behind the spread of this phenomenon from the perspective of lawyers? A descriptive research methodology was adopted, and a sample of 15 lawyers from Adrar was selected.</p> Dr. Abdelkader Hibaoui Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-15 2025-03-15 62 3 172 187 Archival Information Systems: An Overview of the Lithuanian Experience http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10019 <p>This study aims to shed light on archival information systems within the digital environment,which operates in the context of growing electronic transactions under what is known as egovernment policies, the digital economy, e-commerce, and related electronic services. The cornerstone of these services is electronic documents and information security.</p> Dr. Youcef Ouled Hacini, Dr. Fares Boukhouidem, Pr. Slimane Ouzar Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 188 196 Necessity of Prostitution in the City of Algiers since the Beginning of French Colonization http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10020 <p>Thanks to some experiences over time and the serious work of great administrators,prostitution, initially biblical, then hospitable and sacred, had become an unfortunate need but one that must be admitted. This social phenomenon was made legal with rigid regulations. The origin of prostitution in Algiers dates back to the 16th century.Before the arrival of the French, prostitution certainly existed there on a large scale and was regulated. In order to preserve public health, a loyal and protective administration was required. The creation in August 1930 of a health dispensary under the supervision of the police is proof of this.</p> ABBOU Brahim, CHIKH Laredj, Boudjelal Kaddour Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 197 206 Disaster Criminal Law: An Analytical Study of the Concept, Characteristics, and Criminal Liability for Crimes Related to Natural and Industrial Disasters http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10021 <p>Disaster criminal law addresses crimes related to natural and industrial disasters, focusing on their concept, characteristics, and criminal liability. It defines disaster-related offenses,distinguishing them from ordinary crimes due to their large-scale impact. Key characteristics include causation complexities, multidisciplinary legal considerations, and varying liability levels.</p> Pr. Benbouabdallah Mounia, Dr. Beddiar Maher Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 207 217 The authority of the administrative judge to examine evidence during the administrative lawsuit in light of the Civil and Administrative Procedures Law http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10022 <p>The administrative judge is distinguished by the enjoyment of broad powers and a positive role during judicial litigation, and in order for the administrative judge <br>to play the role assigned to him, the legislator has authorized him to issue orders to the administration during the trial for the purpose of seeking the truth.</p> Ali Moussedk Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 218 232 Aspects of the Economic and Social Life in Metlili during the Second Half of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10023 <p>This research paper aims to highlight the city of Metlili during the colonial period,considering it a link between the north and south, in an attempt to showcase some economic and social aspects of the city during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.We also addressed the economic lifestyle of the region’s inhabitants from various perspectives, such as agriculture, industry, and trade, reaching up to cultural and social conditions without neglecting the discussion of the most important prevailing social customs and traditions in the city.</p> Nafisa Belkhader , Dr. Salah Boussalim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 233 247 The Role of School Health in Developing Health Awareness Among Students http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10024 <p>This study aims to investigate the role of school health in enhancing health awareness and to understand the function of screening and monitoring units within the school environment. It also examines the strategies and programs these units rely on for monitoring, considering them a crucial part of school health programs. These programs serve as an important link within schools, through which health services are provided to help develop health awareness among students and equip them with a culture that enriches their cognitive, intellectual, and sensory aspects. This, in turn, contributes to creating a safe psychological and educational environment. However, the impact of these services often remains slow compared to the health changes occurring in the present time.</p> Yamina Belghoul, Lazeghed Radia, Elaid Cherifa Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 248 258 The Option of Political Involvement in Governance and its Implications for Islamist Movements: A Case Study of the Movement of Society for Peace (1991-2012). http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10025 <p>The study investigates the experience of involvement in governance led by the Movement of Society for Peace since the early 1990s. This experience made it possible for the movement to achieve a set of political goals. This includes forming a political alliance with the National Liberation Front and the Democratic Rally Party, which enabled it to participate in various national and local councils, in addition to some of its leaders holding ministerial positions. However, all party leaders didn’t reach a unanimous agreement about the contents of this participation, especially after the death of Mahfoud Nahnah in 2003, leading to differing views and perspectives. Therefore, the study concludes that this involvement did not undergo a serious and comprehensive assessment due to major disputes between the two factions that contested the leadership of the party since 2003.</p> HASSAM Hakim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 259 276 The principle of competition freedom as a mechanism for preventing corruption (the Algeria model) http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10026 <p>Since its opening to a market economy, Algeria has been striving to adopt the fundamental principles of a free economy. Enhancing the principle of free competition is considered the main means to achieve openness and invigorate the economy. This principle relies on liberating economic activities by granting the freedom to engage in competition. Since the constitution is regarded as the highest law, it provides strong guarantees for adherence to the fundamental principles that include individual and collective rights and freedoms, as well as ensuring the legitimacy of the authorities' practices and providing legal protection in a society governed by law .</p> Dr. Melki khalfallah Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-19 2025-03-19 62 3 277 304 The Amujag Society between the family system and the commanding power http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10028 <p>This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the socio-anthropological aspects of Touareg culture, with a specific focus on the traditional family structure and the role of women. Additionally,it examines the ecological methodology employed by the Touareg, as well as the public perception of different groups. Furthermore, the study investigates the symbiotic relationship between the residential and natural communities within the context of the emergent society, which facilitates cultural assimilation, societal development, and the preservation of nomadic traditions. It also delves into the coexistence of cultural practices and the evolution of thought and social behavior among the Touareg community.</p> Abderrahmane Boukar Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-20 2025-03-20 62 3 305 313 The Specificity of Arbitration in Patent Exploitation Contract Disputes http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10029 <p>Arbitration is not permissible in disputes concerning patent infringement through imitation or patent invalidation, as such matters are considered to affect public policy. However, arbitration is permitted in disputes arising from patent exploitation contracts, which are characterized by their international nature, particularly in cases where one of the contracting parties fails to fulfill its contractual obligations, such as when the licensee exceeds the scope of the granted license .</p> Pr. Messaoudi Youcef Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-22 2025-03-22 62 3 314 326 The Impact of Economic Culture on the Validity and Unusuality of Fatwas - A Study of Examples http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10030 <p>The title of the research is 'The Impact of Economic Culture on the Validity and Unusuality of Fatwas - A Study of Examples'. Its topic concerns the most important conditions for fatwas: knowledge of the situation and consideration of the outcome.</p> Dr. Fatma Kacem Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-22 2025-03-22 62 3 327 345 Principles of the Environmental Law and Its Challenges in Achieving Sustainable Development http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10031 <p>The topic of environment protection has received both national and international attention due to its importance to human life. Environmental law works to safeguard the environment and is based on several principles such as participation and polluter pays principle. However, it faces numerous economic and social challenges, especially in the technological era. Therefore, the key question raised is: What are the environmental law principles, and what challenges does it face in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development, social well-being, and the enhancement of human security?</p> Dr. Zoulikha Attalah Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-22 2025-03-22 62 3 346 357 Risks of population growth on alimentary and health security in Arab countries http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10032 <p>The amelioration of average age, accelerated demographic growth Arab countries,and the focus on model of living based on consumption, all those factors had <br>constituted dangers that affect both human security and sustainable development This situation had existed in Arab countries even; fatab states had realized the <br>condition of enjoying these rights, and providing all possible opportunities for this.</p> Segueni Fakia Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-22 2025-03-22 62 3 358 366 Crimes of French Colonialism in Light of International Law and International Humanitarian Law http://www.psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/10033 <p>This study aims to present the crimes of French colonialism in relation to the principles of international law and international humanitarian law, particularly the principle of human dignity and the principle of military necessity. The research demonstrated that colonial France violated the first principle through brutal practices, especially torture, which was a systematic policy.</p> Bettayeb Fatma Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-03-22 2025-03-22 62 3 367 376