Psychology and Education Journal

Developing the moral values of athletes within Algerian sports facilities

SAADOUDI CHEIKH, LABBACI KAMEL — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to know the desire for the behavior of the ethics of athletes within the Algerian sports
facilities, by identifying the role of sports practice in raising the moral values of the players and the degree
of developing their behavior within the facility, Where the sample consisted of 30 players from sports clubs
that play in the Sports Complex Diwan February 18 in Laghouat, who were selected by the comprehensive
survey method, and the study tool was the questionnaire important results reached, it became clear to us that
the continuous sports practice has an effective role in raising the moral values and developing them to a high
degree among the players inside it.
We found that the athlete supports standards related to ethical behavior, communicates about ethics, and
promotes and rewards ethical behavior, even if it is motivated by amongst his colleagues.

STRATEGIES TO BE FOLLOWED BY PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DURING ADULTHOOD AND BEYOND.

LAROUS ZOUINA — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The process of development from childhood to adulthood is characterized by physiological, psychological and social changes that may affect ordinary individuals and their behavior and personality, which increases the difficulty and complexity of understanding it, especially for individuals who suffer from neuro developmental disorders, especially the autism spectrum group ;Caring for this social group requires strategies that are compatible with their different stages of development by the guardians, the number one sponsor and caregiver for this group, who play the role of accompanying and supporting this group of people with special needs. The strategies used differ from one family to another. In this research paper, we attempt to identify the strategies used by parents during adulthood, and how the family can help children with autism spectrum disorder achieve adaptation in the environment in which they live and belong.

THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN HEALTH EDUCATION FIELD STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF STUDENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGHOUAT

Dr. Benyattou Mebrouk, Dr. Tayeb Belhout — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims at finding the relationship between the Internet and health education at the university student, to achieve these goals, the descriptive approach was adopted, and a questionnaire tool was employed to collect the study’s data, which includes three main axes which are as follows:

The first axis: sociodemographic data.

The second axis: Students follow-up of health programs on the Internet.

The third axis: Purposes of students’ use of the Internet for health education.

The questionnaire was distributed to the students of the Department of Sociology and Demography at Ammar Thlidji University in Laghouat, where the study sample consisted of 300 students, they were selected by a simple random method, and the study reached many results, the most important of which are:

First: There is a relationship between socio-demographic variables and the use of the Internet in health education.

Second: The Follow-up of health contents on the Internet contributes to educating the university student about health.

Third: The university student has health purposes in choosing health contents on the Internet.

The impact of using small-sided games (3v3) and (4v4) on developing transitional speed and change of direction speed in football players under 19 years old.

BOUARTI WALID , BOUBELLOUT HOUSSAM , MOKHTARI SABRINE, AREZKI ISMAIL — Wed, 24 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the impact of using small-sided games (3v3) and (4v4) on developing transitional speed and change of direction speed among football players under the age of 19. The researcher adopted an experimental methodology with a single-group design, utilizing a sample of 20 players from Union Sidi Abd El Aziz team, who compete in the honorary section of Jijel province, selected purposively. The study employed the 20-meter sprint test and the 20-meter agility test as assessment tools. Following statistical analysis, it was concluded that the training program based on small-sided games (3v3) and (4v4) had a positive impact on developing transitional speed and change of direction speed among football players under the age of 19. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends the incorporation of small-sided game programs in the development of targeted physical attributes.

ASSESSMENT OF NUMERACY SKILLS FOR HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH INTE- GRATED HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND CHILDREN WITH INTE- GRATED COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

Soumeia Meziou, Mohamed Belakred — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current research aims to evaluate the arithmetic skill of a child with an integrated hearing loss and a carrier of an integrated cochlear implant. The study was conducted in two institutions affiliated with the Directorate of National Education in the Eastern Province of Algiers on a sample of 10 cases for each category. The comparative descriptive approach was used, and the ZAREKI-R battery was used as measurement tools. The results resulted in statistically significant difficulties after applying the Mann-Whitney test. There is a value of (U=9.000) and a significant significance sig of (0.002), which is smaller than the significance level (0.05). Accordingly, there are statistically significant differences between farmers. The cochlea and hearing-impaired cases at a significance level of (0.05) in the arithmetic test for the benefit of cochlear implants. The difficulties varied according to the arithmetic operations represented in subtraction, multiplication, and problem solving. These results, according to what we observed in the field,

The impact of the training method on the process of learning the skill of fast passing in basketball in the physical education and sports class for thirdyear intermediate students.

ZEMALI MOHAMED, KADDOUR BEY BELKHEYR, BEN SABEUR MOHAMED — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to know the effect of the training method on the process of learning the skill of fast passing in basketball within the physical education and sports class for third-year middle school students - females - on 06 female students from Makid djilalli Middle School - Bou Hanifia - and the researchers assumed that the training method has a positive effect on The process of learning the skill of fast passing in basketball. The experimental approach was used by applying a proposed training program and a fast passing test to measure the speed of passing in basketball as tools for the study. For the purpose of interpreting and analyzing the results, the Student “T” test was used as a statistical method, and the results showed that There are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test in favor of the post-test in the speed of passing in basketball among third-year intermediate students - females.

The role of some recovery methods in developing some physical qualities (maximum strength) and preventing shoulder joint injuries in handball players

RAHMOUNI BOUCHRA, BOUHADJ MEZIANE, ZIDANE FATMA ZOHRA, KHIRI DJAMEL — Thu, 04 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify recovery periods and their relationship with some physiological variables (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) after performing aerobic and anaerobic efforts. The descriptive approach was used due to its suitability with the study objectives. The study sample included (12) players from the middle of the municipality of Orisia who were chosen intentionally. Measurements of physiological variables were taken before performing aerobic and anaerobic efforts, immediately after the effort, then after (2) minutes, then after five (5) minutes. The results concluded that there was a significant increase in physiological variables immediately after aerobic and anaerobic efforts as well as after two minutes, and the return of diastolic blood pressure to its normal state after two minutes of effort, and that the best recovery period is after performing aerobic and anaerobic efforts for two minutes.

The effectiveness of using some retrieval methods on the speed of recovery of the u19 male karate Kumite

HOUSSAM BOUBELLOUT, BOUARTI WALID, MOUHSSIN BABA — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to use the combination of calming exercises and sports massages to determine the extent to which some pulse physiological variables are affected, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and vital capacity) Researchers used the experimental method of tribal measurement and dimensional measurement on one experimental set to suit the nature of the research goals and assumptions. The sample of research was chosen in a deliberate manner from karate wrestlers, numbering (20) players, the sample number (08) players, ranging in age (17-19) years, during the training season (2022-2023), and the basic research experience was applied in the period from (24/01/2022) until (26/03/2022), and the standardized training programme was carried out on the research group for five weeks, Sports massages and cooling exercises were used on the research group after the end of the three-week training module Week One to Week Two Rest Week, Week Two to Week Three Rest Week in order to avoid rationing the impact of the training pregnancy to a total time period of five weeks, The researchers concluded that the proposed methods did not show a marked improvement in pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and vital capacity during

The effect of specific exercises suggested by a smart training method for strength and speed in developing the skills of the penalty kick and kicking the ball long with the non-special leg for football players under 13 years of age.

BELKEZZAI BILAL, BOUHADJ MEZIANE — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to propose specific exercises in a smart and circular training method for strength and speed in developing the skill of the penalty kick and kicking the ball the farthest distance with the undistinguished leg for football players under the age of 13. The importance of the topic is evident in improving and developing the basic skills of football players. The researcher used the method The experimental study represented the research community in football schools in the state of Setif, and the sample was chosen intentionally and numbered 30 players from R.C.A.S, Ain sebt, divided into two groups. The experimental group (15 players), and the control group (15 players), The effectiveness of the proposed specific exercises.

The most important results reached were that there was a difference between the posttest of the experimental group and the posttest of the control group in favor of the experimental group in the characteristic of strength compared to speed (penalty kick test and ball kicking test).

The role of some recovery methods in developing some physical qualities (maximum strength) and preventing shoulder joint injuries in handball players

RAHMOUNI BOUCHRA, BOUHADJ MEZIANE, ZIDANE FATMA ZOHRA, KHIRI DJAMEL — Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

QURANIC STORIES IN THE CURRICULUM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Dr. BENBESSAI Lynda, Dr. ADDAR Zahra — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to show the extent to which Quranic stories are included in curricula and textbooks for primary education, to identify the set of principles and values included in the listed stories, and to propose Quranic stories that can be employed in various educational materials and determine their impact on the learner, relying in achieving this on the descriptive analytical curriculum, the analysis form is a research tool to collect data, the form consisted of three dimensions, and each dimension is divided into a set of categories.

The results of the study showed that the Quranic stories are absent in all books and curricula for the primary education stage, except for the books of the Islamic education subject, in which the Quranic stories are included in a very small percentage, despite the possibility of linking all the fields and axes prescribed in the curricula of the primary education stage with the Quranic stories in providing information to the learner; which necessitates the need to include them in the educational learning process, and the principles and values included in these stories were identified with the suggestion of Quranic stories that can be employed in various educational materials.

Value Contradictions in the Organization and Their Impact on Internal Communication Effectiveness - Analytical reading of challenges and barriers -

Khennouf Miloud , Dr . Sbartai mourad — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper aims to identify the impact of the contradiction between the declared work values of an institution and the behaviors, values, and beliefs of individuals, as it represents one of the m ost significant sociocultural barriers limiting the effectiveness of communication within institutions. An analytical view was taken into what each side of this article should encompass, explaining their nature, types, sources, and the role and importance of each in the life of the institution.

From this study, it has become apparent that the contradiction between the declared work values and the behaviors and values of some employees, such as reliance on secrecy, undervaluing the importance of time, lack of transparency, withholding information, and the predominance of primary communications and relationships over professional ones, are all factors that can negatively affect and exacerbate the effectiveness and quality of internal communication. This can lead to the emergence of value conflicts, the spread of rumors, resistance to change within the institution ،and reduced participation in teamwork.

The relationship between recovery periods and some physiological variables after performing aerobic and anaerobic efforts

KADRAOUI BRAHIM, REDOUANE BOUBAKEUR, SBAA CHEMSSEDINE — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF CREATIVE LEADERSHIP WITH OVERALL QUALITY AND JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES A STATISTICAL FIELD STUDY AT THE TEXTILE COMPLEX IN THE CITY OF SEBDOU, TLEMCEN PROVINCE

Dr. Houbad Youcef — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims to reveal the predictive ability of creative leadership in overall quality and job satisfaction among employees at the Tlemcen state textile complex, where the descriptive curriculum was adopted and a random sample of (150) employees at the Tlemcen state textile complex was selected. The creative leadership scale (Daiser, 2022) and the overall quality of (al-Ahmar, Abdulrahman, 2018) were applied to it. And job satisfaction (qanawi, Ahmed, 2021) the Following statistical methods were used:

Repetitions and percentages
Arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
Stephen Thompson's equation for sample size extraction.
Pearson coefficient (Person) to identify the correlation of grades.
Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the circulation of constancy.
Simple regression coefficient for recognizing the prediction of variables.
The study reached the following results:
The overall quality can be predicted by the professors ' grades on creative leadership among the sample members.
Job satisfaction can be predicted by the grades of professors and the overall quality of the respondents.
There are no statistically significant differences in the level of creative leadership among the respondents due to the variable of years of seniority at work". Keywords:

TYPES OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES

Abdelhak Ketfi Cherif, Chihane Abdelmalik — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research topic dealt with examining the relationship between multiple intelligences and selfregulated learning strategies among a sample of university students, at both the University of Algiers 2 - Abu Al-kasim Saadallah - and the Higher Normal School of Kobba, Algeria. The research sample reached (127) male and female students from the University of Algiers 2 - Abu AlKasim Saadallah - and the Higher Normal School - Al-Qubba - Algeria, including (70) male and female students from the literary branches and (57) male and female students. Of the scientific branches. To achieve the research objectives, it was used 1-Multiple Intelligence Scale prepared by Adel Rayan.

2- Self-regulated learning strategies scale prepared by Bardi and translated by Ahmed Ibrahim Ibrahim

The results of the research found that there is a weak relationship between computer intelligence and strategies for organizing self-learning. It also showed that there are statistically significant differences between students of literary majors and students of scientific majors in the averages of computer intelligence only. With regard to gender diversity, the results did not reveal any statistically significant differences between Male and female students in terms of average computer intelligence among students. There is also a clear difference in the trends in computer intelligence among students in literary branches, and scientific branches in terms of degree expressed by “proportion” and arrangement.

The study recommended the necessity of helping students discover the types of intelligence they possess, relying on the educational system on audio-visual media, linking education to social reality, and generalizing dealing with the theory of multiple intelligences.

The extent of the contribution of adapted sports physical activity in developing psychological and social compatibility among female players with motor disabilities

BENBOUZA HICHAM , ABDELLI NOUREDDINE , YAHIAOUI SAID — Wed, 24 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which adapted physical activity contributed to the development of the general psychological compatibility of adult women with motor disabilities, and to study the degree of psychological compatibility. The researcher conducted a field study of some basketball clubs on wheelchairs and 2021/2022, which included a sample of 54 players with motor disabilities (below parties represented by basketball players on wheelchairs) selected in the way available at 33.33 per cent of the research community. The findings of the researcher showed that adapted physical activity contributes effectively to the development of psychological and social harmony with its four dimensions (personal, family, health and social) of basketball players on wheelchairs, and that the sample also enjoyed a high level of psychological compatibility in all its dimensions.

ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION AT WORK CASE OF ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Ait Ouares Lila — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The roots of ergonomics trace back to when humans began creating their work tools, striving to shape and adapt them to their capabilities. However, it was not until the 20th century that ergonomics gained a distinct identity, leveraging numerous advancements in physiology and applying them to the workplace. The most recognized applications involve adapting machines to humans.

Ergonomics is the discipline aimed at adjusting work to suit humans, focusing primarily on studying human labor in interaction with or without machines that facilitate work (Irène Gaulland et al., 2009). The scope and application areas of ergonomics are broad and varied, encompassing educational settings and schools, which hold significant importance in the lives of children and teachers.

Ergonomics in educational environments is relatively recent, despite multiple studies emphasizing its importance in places where professional activity and life converge. Classrooms, for both students and teachers, serve as daily workstations and are integral parts of the educational environment. Hence, it is pertinent to consider the impact of ergonomic factors (noise, lighting, ventilation, etc.) in schools on the lives of students and professionals (Jacques Fraschini, 2021).

The introduction of ergonomics in education is crucial, necessitating a clarification of theoretical concepts regarding the emergence of general and educational ergonomics. It also raises important questions:

What are the historical development stages of general and educational ergonomics?
What are the intervention areas of ergonomics in education?

The role of swimming in reducing some social problems in orphan children. "A field study on the level of the Mohammed bin Salem swimming pool in Laghouat"

GUIGNOL Badreddine , HADDACHE Abd Allah , MAZARI Fatah — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to identify the role of swimming in reducing some social problems among orphan children, so we used the descriptive analytical approach to suit the nature of the topic. The research sample consisted of 13 swimming coaches at the semi-Olympic swimming pool in Laghouat. For the purpose of collecting data, we used a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions divided into two axes. The data was treated statistically using percentages and frequencies, and the following results were reached: This is due to the contribution of swimming practice in reducing some social problems. Among orphaned children, the content of the program proposed by educators contributes to reducing these problems in this group to a large extent, in addition to the contribution of the training of educators to reducing these problems to a very large extent.

From this we conclude that the general hypothesis, which states “the role of swimming in reducing some stress problems in orphan children,” has been achieved to a large extent, in order to fulfill the partial hypotheses.

The effect of a proposed recreational sports program on improving the mental health of students in university residence (A field study at the university residence, Mohamed Dhina, in Laghouat)

HEMCHA HIBAT ELLAH IMANE , DAINES MOHAMED , ALOUANE RAFIK — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to know the role of recreational sports activity in improving the mental health of female university residence students due to the nervous pressures that this category suffers from. The study was conducted on a randomly selected sample from a university residence in the state of Laghouat. In order to analyze and interpret the results, the results were based on percentages and the Ca2 test. Finally, the results of the study resulted in the validity of our hypotheses, and it was found that recreational sports activity has an effective role in improving mental health and reducing nervous stress.

facebook as a public space for the spread of the liberal category: analytical study of a set of facebook accounts

Dr. Amira Sabeg, Dr. Samira Bechka — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to shedding the light on an active group in societies that seeks to promote a

set of ideas and practices under the banner of modernity, which is the group of editors that made Facebook a space to express their beliefs and values. Where spouses have the freedom to have a sexual intercourse and sexual companionship with someone other than their husbands without restriction or control and with the knowledge of the other party, far from moral controls and accepted societal values, especially since these practices are considered a social taboo and an indication of moral laxity. The study was conducted on a group of Facebook accounts for this category by reviewing and analyzing their posts, relying on the descriptive approach based on describing and analyzing the phenomenon accurately and objectively. The study sample was a purposive sample, and a set of results were reached, the most important of which are: Facebook has an effective role in promoting the category of liberals and spreading its ideas, Liberation is an explicit challenge to the principles of religion, social norms, and social control. The liberation promoted by this group leads to moral consequences, the most important of which is lineage mixing.

ARABIC LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK READABILITY FOR FOURTHYEAR MIDDLE SCHOOL IN ALGERIA

Elhachemi Legougui , Mansour benzahi — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This investigation endeavors to ascertain the readability level of the Arabic language textbook designated for fourth-year middle school students in Algeria and to identify any potential disparities in readability across genders. Employing a descriptive methodology, this research incorporated the creation of a cloze test featuring three passages extracted from the textbook, which was administered to a cohort of 173 students.

The findings revealed that the Arabic language textbook possessed a high readability level, with 57.22% of the participants finding the content suitable, a percentage that aligns with the independent level range of readability. Moreover, the analysis disclosed no significant gender-based differences in readability. Based on these outcomes, the study advocates for a heightened emphasis on the assessment of textbook readability to enhance educational content delivery.

The strategy of feminist sports practice and its role in achieving physical and psychological health.

TAHIR ADNANE, MUSTAPHA KHALDI, ZOUATINI ABDELAZIZ, SABRI AZZEDDINE — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study aims to identify the effective role of sports clubs in achieving physical and psychological health in the city of Annaba, highlighting the reality of women's sport from a health and psychological point of view. To assess the physical health and psychological comfort of sport, a field study was carried out at three sports clubs, namely the Bônoise Women's Amateur Sports Club, the El-bouni “The Challenge” Sports Hall and the Annaba Olympic swimming pool. . To do this, interviews were conducted with sports club managers, sports coaches and sports enthusiasts and women affiliated with the club of these three sports clubs and designed the appropriate ''observation network'' tools for conducting of this study and analysis of the data obtained.

The Role of Financial Technology in Developing The Banking Industry - A Comparative Analytical Study Of The Malaysian Experience And The Kingdom Of Sauodi Arabia

Mohammed KOUDJIL,Elhadi ELBEKAIE — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study highlights the role of using fintech technologies in the banking
industry, such as blockchain technology, smart contracts, artificial intelligence,
cloud computing, big data analysis... in terms of product quality and reducing
effort, time and even costs. The Malaysian and Saudi experience is considered a
model in this regard. The field through strategic visions and establishing the
legislative and regulatory infrastructure to adopt fintech technologies. Thus, the
two countries are considered among the pioneers of fintech in the banking sector
through the results and numbers achieved in a period not exceeding ten years from
2015-2022, which is what the study details through its axes.

Interactive educational environment in light of e-learning through the Zoom program

Aicha Djemai — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article addresses the use of technology in learning, in the interaction
between the poles of the learning process of a teacher, And a learner, and so
we'll get to know Zoom from the time it's installed on the computer, To the
possibility of using it for distance education, through a virtual class in which the
teacher meets his or her learners, And if you separate the place between them,
we get to know the icons of this program one by one, We also show how the
written educational material is presented, and we will explain how the material
is presented if it is an audio or visual recording, If attendance education allows
the teacher to adopt modern learning methods from a collaborative education
that includes each group of learners, simultaneous e-learning through the
adoption of a Zoom programme allows the teacher to disperse learners into halls
that break out of the basement hall. to the end of the lesson, where the default
quota is recorded in multiple formats, and how to upload and retain it for
viewing at the time of review.

The impact of modern forensic evidence on the personal conviction of the criminal judge

Laksaci Sidahmed,Ben Abdelkabir Hassen — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

he freedom of evidence in criminal matters, which the legislator has established
and made a general rule, has established exceptions in order to know the limits
within which this rule revolves. Accordingly, the judge can order any measure that
may be useful in order to discover the truth, and he can use any evidence that
satisfies his conscience, or he can reject it, using his intellectual effort, the use of
logic and objectivity. The judge, therefore, has complete freedom to form his
conviction on the basis of which he decides the case before him.

Systematic issues in reading heritage at Mohammed Arkun

Fadhila Mebarek,MOHAMMEDI RIAHI Rachida — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Arkonist intellectual moment represents a revolution over theological
studies with epistemological critical vision based on analytical
approaches that move from theology to applied Islamism with
Western thought bypassing by thinking of authentic tools that
encompass the concept of comparative historical criticism and
providing a new understanding of religious texts that correspond to the
spirit of the new age within their historical and cultural context,
Emphasizing the great interaction between text, society and culture in
modernist reading of heritage in a critical scientific methodology
question in a legitimate question: What are the methodologies for
reading heritage?

The impact of training on improving the performance of employees in the institution: a case study at the University of Djilali Bounaama, Khamis Miliana, Ain Defla Province.

Hamadouche Aissa,Tegguer Mhamed — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to determine the impact of training on improving the performance
of workers at the Djilali Bounaama University, Khemis Miliana, Ain Defla Province.
We studied a random sample consisting of (100) workers using the questionnaire as
a data collection tool, SPSS version (21) and a set of statistical tools for analysis.
The results concluded that: The attitudes of the study sample members were
positive toward the statements of both training and employee performance with an
acceptable degree of agreement, and the arithmetic mean value of all statements of
the two variables was “positive”.

The dramatic pattern in the poem "The Story of the Princess and the Boy Who Speaks to Water" by Ahmed Abdelmuti Hijazi

Ibrahim Ben Taiba — Sat, 06 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The contemporary Arab poet realised new visions in reaching aesthetic awareness
to new horizons that allow this poetry to be truly representative of this period,
expressing it, and among the manifestations of renewal is the orientation to the
dramatic structure in the poem based on the idea of conflict and the formation of the
self in an objective opposition, in which the poem was slightly stripped of its lyrical
character to give way to modern experiments aimed at breaking the traditional mould,
benefiting in this regard from its combination between poetry and various other
literary arts, and we lack here to talk about the nature of the relationship between the
poem and the theatre and how the contemporary poem has benefited in its
employment of the techniques of this art - the theatre - in enriching the contemporary
poem. theatre to enrich the contemporary poem?
What is the extent to which the contemporary poet was able to reach aesthetics that
traditional poetry did not reach in order to achieve uniqueness and distinction?

Mystical interpretation at the to Imam Al-Senussi through his book: Jenan's Nuzha in the descriptions of the interpreter of the Quran

Lazhari Demmana, Ameur Merigui — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The researchers in these papers took note of the scientists of Algeria Imam Muhammad bin Ali
al-Senussi al-Maliki al-Sufi through his book Outing the Jenin in the descriptions of the interpreter
of the Quran. "The woolly interpretation at Imam Senussi through his book The Outing of the Jenin
in the descriptions of the interpreter of the Quran" The imam gave an important conclusion in his
book he called "In Sufi Interpretations" The researcher worked on this conclusion, asking a broad
question, "What is the forward position on mystical interpretation?" This question has been
separated by other questions: What is a mystical interpretation? Who is Imam Muhammad bin Ali
al-Senussi? In response to these problems, the researcher used a plan in which he employed the
analytical descriptive curriculum, finally arriving at the important conclusion that Imam al-Senussi's
attitude to the mystical interpretation that what is given to them is not for their minds, but rather the
talents of God bring them as ready as they are and as strong and unwavering as subconscious .

The use of cold weapons in the school environment - an exploratory study of the causes and factors

Bekkouche Zeyneb, Zaimi Mourad — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the factors that lead to the use of knives in the school environment, mainly the
psychological, school and social factors. The current research evolved a central question: What are the
factors leading to the use of knives in the school environment? The study also adopted a number of
hypotheses, including: psychological factors lead to the use of knives in the school environment, school
factors lead to the use of knives in the school environment, social factors lead to the use of knives in the
school environment, to verify the validity of these hypotheses, the researcher has set the following
objectives: the study aims at revealing some of the factors that lead to the use of knives in the school
environment, highlighting the crime of carrying a white weapon among a sample of educated adolescents, In
order to achieve these goals, the descriptive approach was used. This study has used an interview, which
contains closed, and open questions as well as a questionnaire which is built by the researcher. The
questionnaire consisted of 3 main axes (psychological factors, school factors, and social factors) and 15
items. The results have fulfilled the study’s hypotheses as: psychological factors lead to the use of knives in
the school environment, school factors lead to the use of knives in the school environment, and social factors
lead to the use of knives in the school environment.

Obstacles to Conducting Physical Education and Sports Lessons in Primary Schools From the Perspective of Subject Teachers

Azaizia Nassima — Sat, 06 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the main obstacles to conducting physical
education and sports lessons in primary schools from the perspective of subject
teachers. The research sample consisted of 30 physical education and sports
teachers in the primary school stage from the provinces of Guelma and M'Sila.
We utilized the descriptive method in this study, as it is suitable for the nature of
the research topic. We reached the following conclusions:
• There are obstacles related to the material resources of the institution.
• There are obstacles related to the developmental features of primary
school students.
• There are obstacles related to the features of the subject, its delivery
method, and the curriculum contents.
• There are obstacles related to the perspective of the administrative and
pedagogical staff towards the subject of physical education and sports.

Influence of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Explosive Force and Anaerobic Power in Volleyball

Benchetioui Abderrazak — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objectives:
As in any sport, whether played individually or as a team, volleyball requires a unique combination
of physical qualities such as explosive power, agility, coordination and flexibility. Players must be
able to react quickly to flying balls, perform explosive jumps to attack or block, and maintain a
stable posture and balance during dynamic play phases.
A good physical preparation for volleyball therefore includes a varied mix of exercises and
techniques aimed at strengthening the specific muscles used in this sport, improving cardioendurancerespiratory, develop reaction speed and promote coordination of movements.
Among these exercises, the intermittent exercises which constitute an example of the orientation of
the training in accordance with the analyses of the various factors of the performance in Volleyballball, the objective of this study was to know the effects of high intensity intermittent training on the
explosive force of the lower limbs and on anaerobic power.
-Equipment and methods:
Twelve players of volleyball under 21 years (186,8+0,36 cm, 69,83+15,05 kg) have participated in
this study. Two groups have been composed: a control group and experimental group. The players
have realized a test of Squat Jump and the measure if the anaerobic power . After the per-test had
been effected, the experimental group realized intermittent work of high-intensity a reason of two
session per week during the eight weeks. The proposed exercises had been composed with setoff 4
minutes (20 seconds work and 10 seconds of passive rest ) with four repetitions. During the
duration of the effort (20 seconds) a various activities like the plyometric exercises, the squats with
or without charge. Jumps had been integrated. The test of student has been applicated for the
different statistics.
-Results:
After the obtained results of Squat Jump has been ameliorated for the (3,40% ; P˂0,05) from 38,7±
5 to 43,5± 6 anaerobic power (2,30% ; P˂0,05) from 94,68±5 to 99,14±3 . The results of this year
has shown that the intermittent exercises high intensity have been more significant in the
development of the squat jump and the anaerobic power of volleyers.

The sociological determinants of the phenomenon of divorce in the local rural community -from the perspective of the professors of the Department of Sociology at Tamanghasset University

Abouelfoutouh Bouhoreira, Samir Oubbiche — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The phenomenon of divorce is one of the ancient and modern social phenomena, which attracts
the interest of many researchers in the field of human and social sciences, due to its negative impact
on the values and social bonds that family structure seeks to preserve, especially in urban Algerian
societies. At present, there has been an acceleration in divorce rates even in traditional
communities, which are supposed to have social immunity. This raises questions about the
sociological determinants behind the spread of divorce in traditional rural communities. This calls
for sociologists to investigate the factors contributing to the prevalence of divorce in these
communities.

A contribution to establishing standardized levels accompanied by a scoring scale for evaluating and selecting students in the activities of shot put and long jump-A descriptive study on a sample of male students (15-16 years old) from some secondary schools in the municipality of Barika, Batna Province

Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Through examining the practical process of selection in the theoretical and
field domains in the Algerian educational system, and based on the results of some
graduation theses, interviews with some teachers and inspectors regarding the
existence of local standards for evaluating students' levels and comparing their
performance with their peers, we noticed that the methods used for this are based
solely on subjective observation. In order to contribute meaningfully and avoid going
in circles, we aimed to establish local standard levels accompanied by a scoring scale
for evaluating and selecting students towards practicing shot put and long jump
activities. Therefore, the research aims to establish standard levels accompanied by a
scoring scale for assessing and selecting students towards practicing shot put and
long jump activities within school sports competitions.

Violence According to Hannah Arendt

Fatima Messahel — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hannah Arendt's approach to violence is a distinct approach because she
introduced the semantic field of violence. She sees the concept of violence, ability,
influence, or force as often being mixed with other concepts such as power. These are
concepts that political science is unable to clearly distinguish between. The greatest
thinkers, in his opinion, used the concepts of power and influence. And ability
arbitrarily, even though these concepts refer to phenomena because the correct use of
these words is not only a linguistic issue, but every term has its connotations and
dimensions, and here Arendt refuses to play the game of definitions, and therefore
such concepts remain power, influence, ability, or Force, etc., are merely tools of
domination that humans use in order to dominate humans. What distinguishes
violence from similar concepts is its instrumental nature.

LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY STUDY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATE. CASE OF THE CITY OF BATNA.

MEKAOUSSI Nadia, Pre. ROUAG SAFFIDINE Djamila — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With a view to greater energy efficiency, natural lighting should be used to facilitate the execution of visual tasks while ensuring the general well-being of the occupants of the space.Indeed, an illuminance level that complies with standards (or recommended values) allows good productivity through good visual performance [1]. In the concept of sustainable lighting, it is obvious that daylighting allows less use of electric lighting and therefore, greater energy saving [2].

Theoretical Diagnosis of the Issue of Culture and Management in Algerian Industrial Enterprises

Kamel Boucharche — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since independence, Algerian economic enterprises have undergone various structural and organisational changes in search of ways to achieve social development and economic progress,away from the sound cultural values and standards that constitute the strong corporate culture.The economic corporate culture, with its comprehensive and broad dimensions, has not received the care and attention of managers, despite its immense importance in the development of the company, which has led to the emergence of weak management rules based on individual aspirations and objectives. This article sheds light on some important elements related to the management culture in the Algerian company which, if we work to strengthen them positively,their fruits will be the achievement of the required efficiency, growth and sustainability.

The Plague Epidemic and Preventive Measures to Confront it in Algeria During the Ottoman Era.

Dr. Rafik Telli — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the topic of "The Plague Epidemic and Preventive Measures to
Confront it in Algeria During the Ottoman Era." Despite Algeria's distinctive climatic
conditions, it was susceptible to various diseases, with the most dangerous being the plague, which, according to some sources, appeared in the country every fifteen to twenty-five years.The plague is an infectious disease, also known as the resident or settled disease. It constitutethe most dangerous disease suffered by all social classes in Algeria during the Ottoman era.Foreign residents in the country were also severely affected by its acute consequences, as it repeatedly appeared in successive outbreaks alongside endemic epidemics in the region, leading to demographic collapse and deterioration in health conditions. Algeria thus implemented preventive measures to curb this epidemic.

The Plague Epidemic and Preventive Measures to Confront it in Algeria During the Ottoman Era.

Dr. Rafik Telli — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the topic of "The Plague Epidemic and Preventive Measures to Confront it in Algeria During the Ottoman Era." Despite Algeria's distinctive climatic conditions, it was susceptible to various diseases, with the most dangerous being the plague, which, according to some sources, appeared in the country every fifteen to twenty-five years. The plague is an infectious disease, also known as the resident or settled disease. It constituted the most dangerous disease suffered by all social classes in Algeria during the Ottoman era. Foreign residents in the country were also severely affected by its acute consequences, as it repeatedly appeared in successive outbreaks alongside endemic epidemics in the region, leading to demographic collapse and deterioration in health conditions. Algeria thus implemented preventive measures to curb this epidemic.

The reality of psychological and educational care for students with hearing disabilities in schools for hearing-impaired children

Kadda Azzaoui, Karima Kourat — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to identify the reality of psychological and educational care for students with hearing disabilities in schools for hearing-impaired children. The
descriptive approach was used in this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that included two dimensions. The
first dimension is specific to psychological care and consists of (17) items, and the second dimension is specific to The educational support consists of (15)
items, and was applied to a sample of (51) male and female teachers with hearing disabilities in schools for hearing-impaired children in both the states of
Saida and Mascara, during the second semester of the academic year (2023/2024). The results concluded that psychological support The education
level for people with hearing disabilities in schools for the hearing disabled is high.

Managing Information Technologies in the Era of Digital Transformation and its Impact on Ethical Awareness Values

Hadj chaib — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigates the reality of ethical values, particularly in the context of digital transformation, in managing various modern technology techniques. It approaches this from several angles focusing on functions and the degree of influence on the knowledge society, delving into the field of computing and posing various challenges regarding privacy breaches.Consequently, it emphasizes the necessity of setting limits on these operations by engaging with various clients and partners to clarify and understand various ethical values, especially with the proliferation of artificial intelligence technologies in libraries and documentary institutions.

University Students' Attitudes Towards the Use of E-Learning Platform Moodle: A Field Study on a Sample of Sociology Students at Chadli Bendjedid University - El Tarf

Rebiai Faiza — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims at identifying the attitudes of sociology students at El Tarf University towards using Moodle e-learning platform. The sample consisted of 90 male and female students at Chadli Bendjedid University - El Tarf. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical method, and data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Strategic information systems and their role in supporting strategic decision-making in banks An applied study on banking agencies in Tissemsilt

Neggaz Mokhtar, Saidani Mhamed — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to reach the role played by strategic information systems in Algerian banks, as this research paper concluded that strategic information systems support the strategic decision-making of banks, through the contribution of various aspects of strategic information in meeting banks' information needs, And its dependence on strategic information systems for making and supporting strategic decision making.

The Role of Family Counselling in Modifying the Culture of Dealing with People with Special Needs

Leila MEDDOUR — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Caring for people with special needs is an important issue that imposes itself on the family and invades its security and stability. In coexisting with or
confronting a disability, the presence of a disabled person among its members must leave traces, albeit simple, as they differ from one family to another
depending on several factors, the most important of which are the severity and type of disability, the disabled’s gender, the family’s structure, and its cultural,
social and economic levels. Family counseling is considered the main entry point for providing services that support the family and re-correct some concepts that express a lack of awareness of how to deal with this category, so we tried in this research paper to shed light on the role of family counseling in modifying this view towards people with special needs through what it offers from Preventive programs and services contribute to this.

The extent to which a specialist in work and organization psychology achieves his roles from the perspective of workers (Field study in the Lind Gas Corporation Algeria, unit in Ouargla)

Chafia Benhafid — Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate the extent to which a specialist in work and organizational psychology fulfills his roles according to employees at Lind Gas Algeria, Ouargla unit, based on a sample of 21 employees. The study adopts a descriptive approach, utilizing a questionnaire with four domains and 24 items to assess workers' selection, performance measurement, handling of psychological issues, and analysis of accident causes. Data collection utilized a five-point Likert
scale following validation and reliability checks of the tool.

Self-esteem among school-going adolescent

Dr. Hafida Belkheir,Lemya Mallek — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims to understand self-esteem in schooled adolescents. To achieve this, a self-esteem scale was applied to second-year high school students at "Yahya Sharif" High School in the Wilaya of Mostaganem. The study sample consisted of 80 students (55 females, 25 males). The results indicated that there were no differences in the level of self-esteem attributable to the variables of )gender or specialization).

A study of the level of organizational loyalty among employees at the University of Khemis Miliana

Saidani Mhamed,Neggaz Mokhtar — Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to identify and analyze the reality of organizational loyalty
among the workers of university in Khamis Meliana- Algeria. While The
descriptive analytical approach was conducted in this respective research for
the purpose of testing a sample of 203 employees by applying a
questionnaire. Eventually, SPSS package Version 22 was used in data
processing using appropriate statistical tools such as arithmetic averages,
standard deviation, T and F tests. As for the results, the study found that an
average overall regulatory loyalty, and a statistical significant differences
attributable to the age, professional experience and job style were noticed, as
well as the absence of statistically significant differences attributable to gender
and scientific qualification.

Rural society in Algeria between socio-economic transformations and development challenges.

Nechadi Abdelkader — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rural society in Algeria has witnessed major and profound transformations, and these
transformations have affected its social and economic fabric in recent years, and the most
prominent of these transformations are the changes that have occurred at the level of social
relations through changing the behavior of individuals and groups and changing their
lifestyles, and the shift from traditional agricultural activities to the use of modern methods of
farming, as well as the use of modern methods in agriculture. In addition, these
transformations also included the value and cultural aspect for them as well, and based on the
fact that the economic system expresses a basic component of rural society, it was also
subjected to many changes and transformations, especially with regard to the use of
technology, changing occupations, and the development of infrastructure, which contributed
to improving the income and living standards of the population on the one hand and
exacerbating the socio-economic disparities for them on the other hand. In this research paper,
we will try to review these changes and the mutual influence between them and rural
development.

The Contribution of Civil Society in Promoting the Values and Goals of Sustainable Development.

Slimi Fatma Zohra, Doudah Nawel — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The last decade of the twentieth century witnessed various global
economic, social, and environmental transformations. Therefore, this study
addresses the role of civil society in accomplishing sustainable development,
and highlights the significance of partnership between the civil society, the
state, and the private sector. The study adopts the descriptive method and
confirms the role played by civil society to accomplish sustainable
development through organized efforts. It points out the growing interest and
widespread dissemination of the concept of developmental work and the
organization of conferences and forums to develop reformative and
transformative plans.

Marital guardianship Between the Authority of Islamic Law and the Power of International Legislation: A Maqasid-based Study

Samira Khezzar, Fadhila Terki — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper addresses the issue of marital guardianship in light of
legislation stemming from international conventions and conferences advocating
women's rights and combating all forms of discrimination against them. It
examines the impact of these treaties and agreements on altering the system of
Muslim family law by systematically dismantling its cornerstone, which is the
guardianship of men over women and the family. Conversely, it reveals the
objectives of Islamic Sharia in legislating marital guardianship to uphold the
pillars of the family and preserve its entity .

Principles of Communication in Subh al-Aasha by Al-Qalqashandi

Moussa Tehraoui, Rachida Boudalia — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims at investigating the importance of communication
rules in the success of the communicative process. Among these rules, the
researchers dealt with the principle of cooperation by Grice, the principle of etiquette
by Al-Akouf, the principle of face by Brown and Levinson, the principle of
maximum politeness by Leech, and the principle of credibility by Taha Abdul
Rahman and the extent of the manifestations of these principles in the book “Subh
al-Aasha” by Al-Qalqashandi.

Precautionary Civil Liability for Ammonium Nitrate in Algerian Legislation

Belmerdaci Rafika — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on
August 4, 2020, resulted in hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries.
Approximately 2,750 tons of this chemical agricultural fertilizer, stored in a
warehouse at the Beirut port for six years, detonated. This fertilizer was intended
to increase soil yield and fertility but, at the same time, posed a significant threat
as a potential explosive. Agricultural chemical fertilizers, including ammonium
nitrate, have become essential for intensive agriculture since the early 20th
century to ensure food security. However, their specific nature of harm and nondisappearing characteristics have prompted a reconsideration of the classical
concept of liability. This has led jurisprudence to revisit the notion of fault and
develop principles of precautionary civil liability that align with the nature of
damages resulting from their use.

The legal protection of nursing assistants in Algeria

SOHBI MOHAMED AMINE , Dr BOUSSELAMA MAACHOU — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nursing professionals play an important role in society, as they are the frontline soldiers in
maintaining the safety of the human body by ensuring the application of basic mechanisms and
means that accompany the medical treatment process. Their duties include providing physical,
psychological and social support to patients. The nature of their work and the circumstances in
which they work make them more psychologically resilient and robust. Because of their
importance in society, special legislation has been enacted for them. The profession has also
attracted the attention and support of the World Health Organisation, the International Health
Association and the American Nurses Association.

The Language of the Self and the Fragments of Identity Using Fadila AlFarouq's "Ta'a Al-Khajal" (The Letter of Shame) as a Model

MEKNASSI Safia — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

For the novelist Fadila Al-Farouq, language has become a fertile ground for the
multiplicity of languages, discourses, and the multiplicity of selves and voices
that express them. Language has not only embodied the reality it represents, but
it has also collected the shattered fragments of identity and the features of broken
selves on the facets of reality, society and outdated customs. Al-Farouq's
novelistic language seeks a particular reality and a different entity, which allows
it to convey the topography of painful reality through an honest, descriptive
language that does not let the pain of oppression and deprivation fall from the
wounds of the image, but rather conveys it according to a special poetics, turning
its ugliness into a beauty that comes from this linguistic technique used in the
contemporary novel. How did the novelist's language of the self manifest itself in
the expression of broken selves? And how did the novelist represent female
identity in "Ta'a Al-Khajal"?

Sufism as seen by Ibn Taymiya, Al-Shatibi and Ibn Badis – Correcting Misconceptions –

Benkoumar Lakhdar — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Many people, students of knowledge and those belonging to the Salafi trend believe that
Sufism is a foreign introduction to Islam and that these Sufis are nothing but innovators,
deviants and heretics. This judgement is generalised to anyone associated with Sufism without
distinction. They often quote the statements of some scholars who are known among Muslims
for their adherence to the Qur’an and the Sunnah, for following the righteous predecessors, and
for fighting innovations and innovators. Among these scholars are Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Shatibi,
and Ibn Badis (may Allah have mercy on them), whose words they often use to condemn Sufism
and its people.
However, it seems that they have read the books of these scholars in a biased manner, with
preconceived ideas and in a selective manner, picking and choosing what they want and not
understanding their ideas in context. The truth that this research has reached is that these
scholars considered Sunni Sufism based on the Qur’an and Sunnah as a necessary religious
science, and their attitude towards Sufism was fair and just. They did not pass a general
judgement of acceptance or rejection on all Sufis, but rather accepted, praised and commended
the Sufi Shaykhs who adhered to Islamic law, and condemned the innovators and heretics who
deviated from the law. This research aims to clarify this issue.

A case study of the obstacles to population attraction in new cities - the city of Dra’Al-Rish, Annaba - Algeria as a model –

Ferrah Rabiaa , Meguellati Mouna — Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Algerian legislator, similar to the comparative legislation, directed the
adoption of the idea of establishing new cities to get out of the urban crisis and
relieve pressure on and overcrowding in major cities, by issuing laws, the most
important of which are Law 08-02 related to the conditions for establishing new
cities, and Law 02-06 containing the guidelines for the city.

Methods of Addressing Writing Learning Difficulties

Dr. Fatima Zahra Khamouine — Thu, 25 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Learning difficulties are among the most significant issues faced by school-aged children that
cannot be explained by the presence of intellectual, sensory, or emotional disabilities. Children
who exhibit learning difficulties do not show any unusual physical symptoms; they are normal
children in terms of intellectual ability and do not suffer from any hearing, visual, physical,
health, or emotional disturbances, nor from unusual family circumstances. Despite this, they
are unable to learn the basic skills necessary for learning and school subjects such as attention,
listening, speaking, reading, arithmetic, or writing. Writing, in particular, is one of the most
crucial indicators of learning. Writing is a vital skill that children must acquire to achieve
academic success. However, some children face difficulties in learning to write, which
negatively affects their academic performance and self-confidence. This research paper aims to
identify writing learning difficulties, their causes, diagnostic methods, and to explore the
therapeutic methods and strategies available to reduce these difficulties.

Sources of Occupational Stress among Primary School Teachers in Ouargla City

Samia Nettari , Abdellah Lebouz — Thu, 25 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims to identify the level of occupational stress among primary school teachers
in the city of Ouargla, as well as to investigate the differences in occupational stress among
teachers according to the variables (gender, seniority in teaching, academic qualification). The
study sample consisted of 160 primary school teachers in the city of Ouargla who were selected
randomly. The study relied on the collection of information using the Occupational Stress Sources
Scale, which consists of 55 items corrected using the Likert scale "five-point scale". The statistical
analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS program version 29. After presenting and analyzing
the results, the following was reached: